Grassroots Development Essay Example

Grassroots Development Essay In this assignment the sport I am going to be looking at is Rugby union, as this is a sport I have played for many years, and have an interest in the way the sport has changed.  Grassroots Development.  Above are some of the logos of sponsors of youth rugby.  Rugby Union is a sport that has been increasing in popularity over the years, but it has seen its biggest influx of players since the English International side were crowned world champions at the IRB World Cup 2003. The numbers have increased by 20% The National Governing Board (NGB) for Rugby Union in the UK is the Rugby Football Union (RFU) and the board for Rugby worldwide is the International Rugby Board (IRB). Rugby starts Minis rugby which is for the under 11s, this can also be called touch or Tag Rugby. For the details of minis rugby see appendix. Rugby then has teams at year age groups from U12-U16, and then you have colts (17-19) these can also be played as individual age groups. After colts you have mens rugby this usually consists of a 1st, 2nd and 3rd team and the managers will select which you play for. We will write a custom essay sample on Grassroots Development specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Grassroots Development specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Grassroots Development specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Local club/area  I live in Brackley in South Northants; we are surrounded by Buckingham, Banbury, and Towcester. There are many clubs in the local area, most of these are male clubs but there is one female club in Buckingham. I play for Buckingham RUFC U17. Most clubs all have youth and senior teams, most of the children who start of in the youth teams work there way up into the seniors. This is something the RFU are trying to promote through their Community Rugby Programme. For more information you can contact your local Rugby Development officer (RDO).  To see a list of clubs and how to contact them please see appendix.  NGB schemes  Since Englands triumph in the world cup, the RFU have started a programme called Community Rugby. The Community Rugby scheme was started because of the numbers of non- professional adult players dropped to a very worrying level. For information on the Community Rugby scheme see appendix. The RFU also run coaching badges, this is where they train people to a recognised level so they can coach child and adult teams to the level that the RFU train there players to.   Tetleys bitter and Heineken larger, sponsor the two main cups that the top clubs compete for, the premier league that all the top clubs play for is sponsored by Zurich insurance company. Gilbert makes and provides the balls to the premier league and for international games, they also supply some of the lower leagues but most of the clubs have to supply the balls out of their own money. Lucozade make isotonic drinks, they supply the England squad with a never ending stock of drinks, and they also supply some of the league teams with drinks, Lucozade supply the team with the drinks because the public see the International team drinking their drink and think that if they drink the drink they will become one step closer to becoming as good as their idols. Oliver Sweeny and Hacketts of London supply the England players with smart dress and shoes. This also applies to all the other sponsors if the top players are seen using or wearing their equipment or clothes, then others will do the same as they want use the same as the best. Provision for/pathways for elite performers  Primary schools in the area do very little rugby, but the local club Brackley RUFC try and go into the schools and run training sessions and try and get the kids to go and play for them. The diagram below shows how players progress through the ranks to become an elite performer.  Additional agencies and bodies  The RFU have an additional body that have an additional body that run the Ground match scheme, the aim of the scheme is to finance capital projects to improve facilities and which contribute to the recruitment and retention of community rugby players. For full details of the scheme please see appendix. Provision for male/female competitors.  Rugby Union is a very male dominated sport but over the past few years it has become very popular in females. The male aspect of the game has much more funding, and chances for the elite performers. In the female aspect of the game the ladies have fewer teams for example in the local area there are nine mens teams and only one womens team. There are fewer professional teams as well but they do have an international side that has the same amount of tournaments and they also have a world cup. The rules of the game differ between the two sexes as well, for example in the mens game you can lift in the line outs and fly-hack, but in the female game you can do neither of these. This could be down to the men having a different build to the women, but in my opinion this is quit sexist, I believe that a sport that is enjoyed by the males should be enjoyed equally as much by the females at the same level with the same prospects. Provision for disabled participants- local/elite  Rugby for the disabled is a game that is played in wheelchairs. The game is played on a standard Basketball court using a volleyball, there is a goal at each end of the court. Wheelchair rugby is a game designed for tetraplegics or people with an upper limb impairment, and is open to people of all ages and both sexes. The governing board for wheelchair rugby in the UK is GBWRA. For other details please see the appendix. There are a very few sponsors of wheelchair rugby, which I think is disappointing as these people are a credit to English Rugby because they are trying to live their life to the max even though they are disabled. Some of them have done this by representing England at the Paralympics where they came third.  Critical analysis/evaluation  I am going to look at how much the mens game is promoted and supported compared to the females game. The mens game is watched worldwide thanks to Sky TV who pays to do this, so they are promoting the sport and supporting them by giving them money. The mens game has over twenty sponsors that support them by supplying them with equipment. The womens game is very rarely shown on TV. They have some of the sponsor that supports the mens rugby but not all of them. I think this wrong because the female game is just as good as the mens game but is not as widely known about because it has less publicity, for example the Female Six Nations, Englands female rugby team rarely on to TV as the male team have most of the coverage in their Six Nations.

Definition of a Non-Traditional Student

Definition of a Non-Traditional Student On many campuses, the majority of students are nontraditional students. What does that mean? Who are they? Nontraditional students are 25 and older and have returned to school to earn a degree, an advanced degree, a professional certificate, or a GED. Many are lifelong learners who know that keeping their brains engaged keeps them young and vibrant longer. Experts have suggested that continuing to learn can even help prevent Alzheimers disease. Besides, learning is just plain fun when you are willing to dabble a bit. Consider taking a workshop on a regular basis. Nontraditional students are not your 18-year-old high-school graduates heading off to college. Were talking about adults who decide to go back to school after the traditional college age of 18-24. Were even talking about Baby Boomers. They are some of the most avid nontraditional students, and they are now in their 50s, 60s, and 70s! Nontraditional students are also known as adult students, adult learners, lifelong learners, older students, old geezers (just kidding) Alternate Spellings: non traditional student, non-traditional student Examples: Baby boomers, people born in the years between 1946 and 1964, are flocking back to school to finish degrees or earn new ones. These nontraditional students now have the life experience and financial stability to make college more meaningful. Going back to school as a nontraditional student can be more challenging than it is for younger students for many reasons, but primarily because they have established lives that require balancing one more responsibility. Many have families, careers, and hobbies. Throw in a dog or two, maybe a Little League game, and the addition of college classes and required study time can be tremendously stressful. For this reason, many nontraditional students choose online programs, which allows them to juggle work, life, and school. Resources How to Ace Your Grad School Interview After Taking Time Off - College applications are written primarily for 18-year-olds. When you older than that, sometimes by decades, the questions can seem silly. Or maybe you have a gap in your resume that needs explaining. These tips are for you.Ways to Stay Relevant Before Earning Your Masters Degree - When you need to take some time off from school, its important to maintain your readiness to return. Its not all that hard with a little attention.Tips to Help You Rock Your Online Courses - More and more people are going back to school online. Something that was once frowned upon, is now safe, credible, and super convenient. Attend class anywhere you can take a laptop or other device. Thats just about everywhere.Time Management Tips for Adult Students - Managing your time well is crucial for nontraditional students. Weve got tips for you.Places to Get a Scholarship - Scholarships abound. You just have to know where to look for them. Dont be afr aid to apply. Many scholarships are awarded by default to the few people who bothered to submit an application. Be one of them. Help with Writing - Brush up on your writing skills to avoid embarrassment.Help with Math - Math is a major reason people procrastinate about going back to school. Help is out there.Facts About Financial Aid - Money for college is available to almost everyone. Find out how to apply for financial help. Thats just a sampling. We have lots of tips for you. Browse around and be inspired. Before you know it, youll be back in the classroom, whether its in a traditional brick building, on the Internet, or at a local community ed. workshop. Dabble!

Global Corporate Sustainable Development Analysis Research Paper

Global Corporate Sustainable Development Analysis - Research Paper Example ll the natural resources, assets, human resources, and also financials in order to ensure long term operation and well being of the organization (Pearce, Barbier and Markandya 4). However the classical definition of sustainable development was given by Bruntland Commission in the year 1987. It defined sustainable development as ‘Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’ (Misra 236). In the context of the study E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company and DuPont will be chosen on which the sustainability factor will be assessed. Apart from this the report will also emphasize on the issues of sustainable development. Furthermore the report will elaborate the challenges that are faced by the company in the context of sustainable development. Thereafter the report will conclude and will offer few suggestions that will be effective for the company in achieving sustainable development. DuPont was established in the year 1802 by Eleuthà ¨re Irà ©nà ©e du Pont. The company is presently it is headquartered at Wilmington, Delaware, U.S. Initially the company started its business as a gunpowder mill. It is basically a chemical manufacturing company. Based on the market capitalization the company is the third largest chemical company of the world. In the year 2009 DuPont was the third largest company in terms of total revenue. In terms of the most sustainable companies of the world the company according to global 100 lists of 2012, the company has been unable to find a place (Global 100). However DuPont was ranked at the 43rd Position by the fortune magazine in terms of ‘most admired companies of the world’. In addition to that according to 100 bets corporate citizens list, it is ranked at the 19th position (â€Å"DuPont Sustainability Recognition and Awards†). Some of the evident products of the company include Corian, Kevlar, Delrin, Nomex, Mylar, Tyvek, Neoprene, Teflon, Nafion, and

BP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BP - Essay Example Among the various factors that affect blood pressure measurement is the lying or seated position. Clinicians suggest that the seated position is best for the measurement. While in the seated position another factor that also has an influence is the leg position. A flat feet position is generally recommended during blood pressure measurement. However, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of two leg positions on blood pressure in stage 1 or 2 hypertensive patients of Turkish origin and between 18 and 65 years of age. The measurement of the changes in blood pressure taken within a 3 minute interval between the two positions viz., feet flat and cross legged position is the major procedure of the study. The changes in both the systolic and diastolic pressures are to be considered. A comparison of the mean values of the two measurements calculated by a t-test is proposed to determine the effect of both the positions on the blood pressure of the patients. Previous studies carried out by other researchers have shown that crossed legged position had a prominent effect on blood pressure in hypertensive patients as it increased both the systolic and diastolic pressures. The physiological reason for the increase can be attributed to â€Å"a translocation of blood volume from the dependent vascular beds to the thoracic compartment†. While some other studies have not found any significant changes in blood pressure due to cross legged position and though the clinical guidelines do not emphasize the patients to keep a flat feet during measurement, the majority of studies that have recorded significant changes in blood pressure when the leg is cross legged cannot be ignored. Hence it is wise to follow the flat feet position during blood pressure measurement to avoid any errors or unwarranted changes in the measurement. The

Empirical Asset Pricing Theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Empirical Asset Pricing Theory - Assignment Example In other words, the paper will look at the negative covariance of SDF and excess returns. The paper will also outline the Fama-French factors. This will include entailing how these factors work, and the motives behind choosing or selecting of models. Finally, the paper will discuss how the technique used by Pastor and Stambaugh differ from the ones used by Fama-French factors. Stochastic Discount Factor Pricing Model SDF as a Factor Pricing Model According to Fama and French (25 - 30) this model helps in the formulating of n econometric analysis that is used in the pricing of assets. The methods included this model include the capital asset pricing model that was proposed by Sharpe in 1964 and other as well as the consumption based inter-temporal capital asset pricing models (CCAPM). Stochastic discount factor (SDF) uses both of the approaches that are used in asset pricing. This includes the absolute and the relative pricing of asset. The absolute pricing of asset involve the pricin g of an asset relative to the sources that expose it to the macroeconomic risks. The relative pricing of asset entails pricing assets according to how other assets are priced. The pricing equation that is used to estimate the stochastic discount factor is normally assumed. The limitations that are imposed on the behavior relating to the stochastic model are assumed to be standard. Based on the pricing equation assumptions the model, the price of n asset which is denoted as ‘t’ is calculated through discounting the value of the assets in the period of paying off. The equation for determining the price of the asset is: Pt=ET (Mt+sXt+s). The assets pay off is represented by Xt+s while the discounting factor is represented by Mt+s. the part denoted as ET represents the expectation given the information that is available at a given time t. The discounting factor represents the stochastic variable (Renault and Hansen 3-15). The assets that can be priced using this model inclu de a stock that pays a dividend of DT+1. This stock should also have a resale value and a pay off period. A treasury bill is also applicable if only it pays only one unit of goods or a good being consumed. This equates the payoff to 1. A bond whose coupon payment is constant and yet can be sold is applicable for pricing using this model. This model can also price bank deposits that pay the risk free return rate and equate the pay off period to 1+ rft. Finally the call option whose price is Pt and gives the holder of the option the right of purchasing any stock at the price exercised (Renault and Hansen 12-21). Assumptions Relating to the Form of SDF In the development of the stochastic estimator, there are four assumptions that are taken into considerations. The first assumption is that the pricing equation 2 always holds. This equation is equivalent to the law of one price. The assumption here is that all the securities that have the same pay off should bear the same price. There a re no choices of the preference. The second assumption states that the stochastic discounting factor labels Mt to be greater than zero. The same applies even to mimicking portfolio. The implication here is that no arbitrage opportunities exist. The third assumption states that the risk free rate exists. The risk free rate is measurable relative to sigma-algebra. The conditioning set that is also used in the computation of the conditioning moments generates this algebra. The existence of this rate allows for payoff space that is

Training on Performance of Employees in Etihad Airways

Training on Performance of Employees in Etihad Airways This research project aims to investigate the impact of training on the employees of El Etihad, a well known airline based in the Middle East with operations across the world. 1.1. Overview Training and development play very important roles in the enhancement of individual abilities and professional advancement of organisational employees (Gerber Lankshear, 2000). Numerous changes have occurred in the global economic and business environment since the end of the Second World War. Such changes, which have intensified in nature and scope since the 1980s, include rapid advancement in technology, the dismantling of physical and economic barriers between nations, the development of instantaneous methods of communication across long distances, and sharp reduction in costs of international travel (Gerber Lankshear, 2000). The phenomenal increase in international travel is an integral part of globalisation and has in turn led to immense churning in the airlines industry (Craig Douglas, 2000). The airline industry has witnessed the emergence of numerous new airlines across the world, even as well established and once famous airlines have had to close down. Whilst new airlines like Ryan Air and Easy jet have come up in the UK, numerous new airlines have sprung up in China, India and the Middle East. Such growth in the airline industry has resulted in intensification of competition, segmentation of customers, and the emergence of low cost airlines and chartered trips (Craig Douglas, 2000). Etihad is one such airline, which was established in 2003 in Abu Dhabi and has in a short period of time grown significantly both in operations and in sales. Operating in an intensely competitive environment, the organisation needs to improve its sales and operational efficiencies in order to break even and become fin ancially viable (Craig Douglas, 2000). It is widely recognised that with all other things being equal, the competitive advantage of organisations, both in production and in service sectors, is determined by the quality of organisational employees and the levels of customer service (Eaton, 2001). The role of employees is especially important in service sectors like hotels and airlines, where individual customer satisfaction is often dependent upon the quality of service provided by organisational employees. All modern day airlines, big and small, recognise the importance of employees and their role in the achievement of competitive advantage and organisational growth (Eaton, 2001). Airline employees, both on the ground and those who fly, are chosen with great care and trained continuously and intensely in order to improve operational efficiencies, customer service and competitive advantage. 1.2. Aims and Objectives This research project aims to determine the role of training of employees in Etihad airlines on the organisational efficiency, customer service, and competitive advantage of El Etihad Airlines. Its objectives are as under To examine the role of training in improvement of organisational efficiency and competitive advantage of organisations. To investigate how training can improve the performance of employees in the airlines sector. To investigate and assess the ways in which training can help the performance of employees at Etihad Airways 1.3. Research Questions The research questions for this project are framed as under: Research Questions 1: What are the organisational advantages of training? Research Question 2: How can such advantages improve the performance of employees in the Airlines sector? Research Question 3: How can training improve employee and organisational performance at Etihad Airways? Research Question 4: How will such improvement impact the operational and financial performance of Etihad Airways? 1.4. Terms and Definitions Terms and Definitions Details Epistemological Approach The approach of knowledge Quantitative and Qualitative Methods The two main methods of social research Population The group of people or things under study in research projects Sample A small portion of the population that is expected to have the attributes of the larger population 1.5. Limitations of Study This study will be limited by the amount of information accessed during the course of investigation of primary and secondary sources. Whilst extensive efforts will be made to obtain relevant information, it is very possible that some facts that are relevant may not be unearthed. Such inadequacies could limit the final analysis and results of the project. 2. Literature Review Etihad Airways Etihad Airways was established in July 2003, through the proclamation of a royal decree by Sheikh Khalifa, the President of the UAE. Etihad is the national carrier of the United Arab Emirates, and offers air travel within country and to numerous other global destinations (iloveindia.com, 2009). It is based in Abu Dhabi, the capital of UAE. The company is yet to post a profit and has faced difficult times in the wake of the global economic downturn of 2008 (iloveindia.com, 2009). Competition in the Airline Industry The airline industry has faced very challenging times over the course of the past decade and continues to face multifaceted and tough situations. The industry suffered extremely in the days after the September 11 attacks, when worldwide drops in air travel compelled a number of celebrated airlines, counting the likes of Swissair, to seal operations because of enormous operational and financial losses (Yousfi, 2008). The huge hike in fuel costs in recent years, which in 2007 shot up to more than 140 USD per barrel and now floats between USD 70 and 75 per barrel, is adversely affecting the operations and finances of all passenger airlines. The airline industry, globally, has suffered losses worth billions of dollars in recent periods and expects to make a nominal profit of 0.05% in 2011 (Yousfi, 2008). Etihad has not just been adversely affected by adverse global environmental circumstances but also by competition from strong Middle East airlines like Qatar Airlines and Gulf Air. The o rganisation faces extremely strong international and local competition, and is finding it difficult to break even and thereafter make profits (Yousfi, 2008). Training and Development Training and Development constitutes the overall organisational strategies and policies that are adopted by organisations for helping employees to improve their individual and collective organisational abilities and skills (Adiele, 2009). Training initiatives aim to build workforces with better ability in order to allow organisations and employees to attain their objectives for customer satisfaction and service. Training represents all the activities that are taken up, both by organisations or individually by employees, to improve employee performance in existing or associated areas of employment (Adiele, 2009). Training in organisations comprises of two important segments, i.e. internal training and external training (Vemic, 2007). Internal training is provided within the organisation. Such training can be classified into off-job and on-job training, on-job training standing for the improvement of skills through the actual participation of workers in their jobs and off-job training standing for learning enhancement through observation; either in class rooms or in the work place (Vemic, 2007). External training represents training that is arranged outside companies, mostly by consultants and professionals (Vemic, 2007). Need for Training and Development Employees need to be trained for various reasons. Whilst staffing of employees is carried out on the basis of their overall suitability for the jobs expected of them by way of educational background and achievements, prior training and working experience, changes in work place and environmental conditions, as well as alterations in work requirements, often require employees to enhance their skills (Lowson, 2002). Training needs could arise because of reasons like (a) the inculcation of fresh technologies and work processes, (b) alterations in manufacturing, service or other work processes, (c) the need to prepare employees for additional responsibilities, (d) the need to prepare workers to take on improved responsibilities, (e) the need to develop their awareness about environmental and business circumstances and (f) the need to develop or alter their attitudes and behaviours (Lowson, 2002). Organisations are progressively emphasising on the importance of ethics in the work place (Vemic, 2007). Modern organisations are informing employees about the ethical direction of their organisations and the requirement for employees to maintain ethical codes of conduct. Apart from ethics, training programmes are frequently designed to give employees interpersonal skills and conflict minimisation techniques (Vemic, 2007). Inculcation of the requirement for preservation of work place harmony also helps workers in improving their relationships with others. Training also plays a key role in inculcating safety in working processes (Vemic, 2007). Benefits of Training and Development HR experts are agreed on the positive benefits of training, not just for junior members of the workforce, but even more for supervisors and managers, for augmentation of individual and organisational productivity and performance (Gerber Lankshear, 2000). Suitable and well planned training assists workers to develop their skills and knowledge, as well as to acquire new skills. Many studies have shown that employees can toil considerably faster and with lesser errors after proper training. Such training allows them to do their jobs better and enables them to take on new responsibilities. Whilst training assists organisational performance and efficiency, it also increases employee worth and augments their value in the employment market (Gerber Lankshear, 2000). Please see Appendix 2, which details the various benefits of training and development in the form of a chart. 3. Research Methods 3.1. Methodological Perspectives 3.1.1. Important Research Factors Research in areas management come under the broad scope of economic research (Bryman Bell, 2007). The research methodology for such assignments is determined in agreement with the doctrine of social research and is shaped by the character of the subject under study and the infrastructural and other resources available with the researcher. The choice of suitable research methods and techniques involves the selection of precise research methods and the most appropriate sources of information (Bryman Bell, 2007). 3.1.2. Quantitative and Qualitative Methods of Research Social research methods are fashioned by two broad and different research approaches, namely the quantitative approach and the qualitative approach. These approaches are fashioned by dissimilar epistemologies and require the use of distinct research techniques, both for acquisition and for analysis of data (Darlington Scott, 2002). Please see Appendix 1 Most theories put forward by researchers need substantiation, measured by relevant quantitative data Quantitative research is an inquiry into an identified problem, and based on testing theories. The goal of quantitative methods is to determine whether the predictive generalizations of a theory holds true. Quantitative political research thus refers to the use of measurement in the analysis of behaviours and attitudes. Quantitative political analysis makes great use of statistical concepts and theories in its execution. In a situation that involves the behavioural analysis of large numbers of people, sometimes running into hundreds of thousands, statistical analysis is the most convenient way of arriving at a logical conclusion. The use of statistics by way of various tools like predetermined sampling methods, probability, correlation and regression analyses is used to present findings that support or contradict research hypotheses. Quantitative analysis is initially somewhat bewildering to stereotypical political researchers, who mostly have backgrounds in the liberal arts and are unfamiliar with statistical models. However, the models used are reasonably simple and decision making is restricted to choosing the level of data to be used, the choice of the sampling technique, the sample size and the appropriate tool for measuring variability. The measurement of variability, which involves computation of means, medians, modes, standard deviations and coefficients of correlation and regression, is the only stage in quantitative analysis that requires a certain amount of number crunching. However, software for their computation is universally available and researchers, these days have little to do other than feeding in the results of surveys and questionnaires. Apart from these descriptive techniques for data analysis, statistical inferential techniques that involve generalising from a sample to the whole population are also regularly used in qualitative research methodology. Quantitative analysis involves two other major tasks that influence the quality of the final analysis, namely data collection and the final validation of results. Data collection can happen directly through the use of questionnaires and surveys, from opinion polls or from pre-existing material, like results of other research efforts or official statistics. Harrison (2001) states that opinion polls are often used to obtain indications about public preferences while exit polls help in forecasting results. The voluminous material available from official sources is also used as base data in quantitative research on many occasions, after satisfaction of its validity for the Qualitative methods of analysis are fundamentally different and are applied when the issue under study is subjective in nature and open to different ways of interpretation (Neuman, 2005). Qualitative research methods are fashioned by interpretivist epistemology and concern detailed examination of multifaceted subjects that are frequently profound and incapable of being satisfied with yes or no responses. Qualitative techniques involve obtaining understanding human behaviour in depth as well as the reasons that govern such behaviour, i.e., the how and why behind attitudes and consequent decision-making. Samples are therefore small and focussed and techniques incorporate skilled and extensive interviewing of respondents, observation and examination of documents (Neuman, 2005). The major difference between quantitative and qualitative research techniques lies in much greater involvement and the elimination of detachment, which however is integral to quantitative research involving large samples and surveys. Numerous techniques, including participant observation, ethnography, ethno methodology, dramaturgical interviewing, case studies, unobtrusive observation, content analysis and historiography form part of the repertoire of the student using qualitative methodology for research. There are very few step by step rules in this methodology and the objective is to arrive at the real reasons behind what people actually do, as opposed to what they say, e.g. in surveys. Whilst most research assignments call for the use of either quantitative or qualitative methods, some multifaceted and multidimensional issues necessitate the use of both techniques (Neuman, 2005). 3.1.3. Choice of Information Sources Information sources are generally categorised into primary and secondary sources. Secondary information sources consist of all the information on the subject that is available to the public at large in the form of published material, more specifically books, articles, both journal and magazine, and other publications (Bryman Bell, 2007). Primary information is obtained from sources that are part of or are integral to the subject under study (Bryman Bell, 2007). Whilst primary information is commonly obtained from interviews and focus group discussions, such information is also available from specific public domain sources like organisational or departmental publications, publications authored by the subjects under study, interviews given by them to reliable media publications, and otherwise from information disseminated through personal or organisational websites (Bryman Bell, 2007). 3.2. Research Design The research project is complex and its design will need to incorporate both quantitative and qualitative methods of research. It is proposed to investigate the responses of a small group of 25 airline employees of Middle East airlines on the proposed benefits of training. This will help in obtaining information from airlines employees on their perceptions of training, especially on the training techniques that could help them in their jobs. Whilst it could be difficultly to obtain permission from airline managements for the conduct of such a survey, a recommendation letter from the institution should help in obtaining their agreement to participate. Qualitative interviews with three senior or middle level airlines staff, especially with people associated with the HR function will also help in obtaining detailed information about the role of training in improving the performance of airline employees. 3.3. Population and Samples The population, for the purpose of this assignment, consists of the employees of Etihad Airways. With the operations of employees of most employees in the airlines sector being reasonably similar, the population can be taken to be all people employed in the airline sector in the Gulf States. The sample for the quantitative survey is fixed at 25 airline employees. The size of the sample is fixed on a non-probabilistic basis and has been decided in line with the abilities and resources of the researcher in conducting the survey. Qualitative interviews are expected to be conducted with three airline employees. The choice of three respondents for qualitative employees is reasonable considering the detailed work required in conducting qualitative interviews. The sample size for qualitative interviews is thus determined at three respondents. 3.4. Data Collection Data collection for quantitative interviews with 25 airline employees will be through carefully constructed questionnaires that will contain a maximum of 15 multiple choice questions. The questionnaire will be easy to use and will be administered by 3 volunteers at airline terminals, only after approval of airline managements. Data will be collected for qualitative analysis from direct interviews with carefully chosen officials, engaged in middle or senior management positions in the airline sector in the Gulf countries. The questions for the interviews will be both open and close ended in nature. The interviews will be audio taped and thereafter transcribed into typed documents. 3.5. Research Ethics Appropriate care will be taken to ensure the adoption of ethical rules and norms that are pertinent to business research (Bryman Bell, 2007). All information sources used for the purpose of study will be acknowledged carefully and comprehensively (Bryman Bell, 2007). All participants will be informed of the nature of the assignment and its purposes. Respondents have been informed of their right to confidentiality and of refusing to answer all or any of the questions asked of them. All respondents have also agreed in writing of their unilateral and unforced willingness to participate in this study (Bryman Bell, 2007). 3.6. Data Analysis The analysis of data will need to be done with reference to the research questions of this project. Data collected from the questionnaire survey will first be carefully transcribed and tabulated, and thereafter analysed with the use of standard statistical tools and techniques. Analysis of data obtained during direct interviews will be conducted after the contents of the audio tapes are carefully transcribed along with notes on behaviours of respondents during the course of interviews. It is important in such cases to bring out the nuances that are not available in the typed manuscripts of the interviews. References Adiele, N., 2009, Importance of Training and Development in a Firm, Ezine, Available at: http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Ndunuju_Adiele (accessed October 13, 2010). Bryman, A., Bell, E., 2007, Business Research Methods, 2nd edition, New York: Oxford University Press. Creswell, J.W., 2003, Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches, 2nd ed, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Darlington, Y., Scott, D., 2002, Qualitative Research in Practice: Stories from the Field, Crowà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Nest, N.S.W.: Allen Unwin. Eaton, J., 2001, Globalization and Human Resource in the Airline Industry, 2nd ed., Ashgate Publishing Ltd: Aldershot, UK. El Etihad Airways, 2010, à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Company Profileà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ , Available at: www.etihadairways.com/sites/etihad/global//default.aspx (accessed October 13, 2010). Elliott, D., Stern, E. J., 1997, Research Ethics: A Reader, 1st edition, Institute for the Study of Applied and Professional Ethics at Dartmouth College. Gerber, R., Lankshear, C., 2000, Training for a Smart Workforce, London, Routledge. Craig, C. S., HYPERLINK http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=111420252HYPERLINK http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=111420252 Douglas, S. P., 2000, HYPERLINK http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=111420252International Marketing ResearchHYPERLINK http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=111420252 (2nd ed.), New York: John Wiley HYPERLINK http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=111420252HYPERLINK http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=111420252 Sons. iloveindia.com, 2009, Etihad Airways, Available at: www.iloveindia.com/airlines-in-india//etihad-airways.html (accessed October 13, 2010). Kervin, J. B., 1992, Methods for business research, New York: Harper Collins. Lowson, R, H., 2002, Strategic Operations ManagementHYPERLINK http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=102807829, The New Competitive Advantage,HYPERLINK http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=102807829 New York, Routledge. Morrison, S., Winston, C., 1995, The Evolution of the Airline Industry, The Brookings Institution, 4 Washington, D.C. Neuman, W. L., 2005, Social Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches, 6th Edition, Allyn Bacon. Penslar, L. R., 1995, Research Ethics: Cases and Materials, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A., 2009, Research methods for business students, 5th ed, Essex: Pearson Educational. Vemic, J., 2007, Employee training and development and the learning Organisation, Economics and Organisation, 4, 2, 209-216. Yousfi, J., 2008, Troubled Global Airline Industry Battered by Fuel Costs, Labor Problems, Money Morning, Available at: moneymorning.com//troubled-global-airline-industry-battered-by-fuel-costs-labor-problems/ (accessed October 13, 2010). Appendices Appendix 1 Differences between Quantitative and Qualitative Research Quantitative Research Qualitative Research Is Objective in nature Is Subjective in nature Depends upon Measurement Depends upon Interpretation Researchers are independent of the Process Researchers are part of the Process Sample size is very important Sample size is not important Used for testing theory and dependent upon early Literature Review Used for developing theory and as such Literature Review is an ongoing process Reasoning is logistic and deductive and establishes relationships and causation Reasoning is dialectic and inductive and establishes meaning, discovery Report is generally in the form of statistical analysis and strives for generalization Report is narrative in nature, dependent upon interpretation and works towards uniqueness

Essay --

Lauren Park Prof. Stewart Ac Eng 139W 11/24/2013 Introduction The subject of abortion has had very highly contested debates over decades. In most platforms, there are numerous religious, legal, moral or social reasons floated against having an abortion. However, in the same platforms, the proponents of abortion outline various arguments to rest their point. Central to the opponents (pro-life activists) arguments against abortion is that abortion is an unethical. According to Naden (2007), they contend that personhood begins at conception. Therefore, abortion terminates a life an innocent human being. On the other hand, the proponents (pro-choice activists) argue that human life begins after birth, hence the claimed right to life for the fetus does not match the criteria. They also assert that abortion is a right that should not be limited by either government-based or non-governmental organizations since it has more weight than the right the right claimed for a fetus. In spite of abortion being advocated for in certain medical circumstance, the procedure is widely not acceptable in most societies due to the numerous negative side effects associated to it. Even though there are some incidences where abortion has been widely advocated, abortion is generally not acceptable due to the numerous negative aspects associated to it. According to Bailey (2012), abortion is a medical and legal process of terminating a pregnancy so that it does not result in the birth of a baby. The National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom points out that the procedure can either be through taking a prescribed medication or a surgical process (NHS, 2012). In the same context, NHS distinguishes abortion from a miscarriage in the sense that there i... ...ficulties of finding brides due to imbalanced sex ratio. Those efforts actually worked and a survey in 2007 showed that campaigns and advertisements actually helped women’s perceived status. However, problem of imbalanced sex ratio did not completely solved, so change of policy can be another solution. For example, if both parents are only child, they are allowed to have two children. But what if two children are daughters? Although they can have two children, a gender of their children does not depend on their choices. Then, fetal sex determination is the only option for those parents who want a boy and there is high possibility of carrying out a plan of having sex selective abortion to have male child for their family line. Therefore, allowing people a second child or third child when they only have daughter can be another way to reduce sex selective abortion. Essay -- Lauren Park Prof. Stewart Ac Eng 139W 11/24/2013 Introduction The subject of abortion has had very highly contested debates over decades. In most platforms, there are numerous religious, legal, moral or social reasons floated against having an abortion. However, in the same platforms, the proponents of abortion outline various arguments to rest their point. Central to the opponents (pro-life activists) arguments against abortion is that abortion is an unethical. According to Naden (2007), they contend that personhood begins at conception. Therefore, abortion terminates a life an innocent human being. On the other hand, the proponents (pro-choice activists) argue that human life begins after birth, hence the claimed right to life for the fetus does not match the criteria. They also assert that abortion is a right that should not be limited by either government-based or non-governmental organizations since it has more weight than the right the right claimed for a fetus. In spite of abortion being advocated for in certain medical circumstance, the procedure is widely not acceptable in most societies due to the numerous negative side effects associated to it. Even though there are some incidences where abortion has been widely advocated, abortion is generally not acceptable due to the numerous negative aspects associated to it. According to Bailey (2012), abortion is a medical and legal process of terminating a pregnancy so that it does not result in the birth of a baby. The National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom points out that the procedure can either be through taking a prescribed medication or a surgical process (NHS, 2012). In the same context, NHS distinguishes abortion from a miscarriage in the sense that there i... ...ficulties of finding brides due to imbalanced sex ratio. Those efforts actually worked and a survey in 2007 showed that campaigns and advertisements actually helped women’s perceived status. However, problem of imbalanced sex ratio did not completely solved, so change of policy can be another solution. For example, if both parents are only child, they are allowed to have two children. But what if two children are daughters? Although they can have two children, a gender of their children does not depend on their choices. Then, fetal sex determination is the only option for those parents who want a boy and there is high possibility of carrying out a plan of having sex selective abortion to have male child for their family line. Therefore, allowing people a second child or third child when they only have daughter can be another way to reduce sex selective abortion.

Interpretations of American History Essay

History is successful when it tells you how things where, the only thing that could take you there was the imagination, but now, with all the technology that we have, we even can make a picture or a sketch of how the things were. asing on the things that had been found also. One of the things that the historians did, they constantly criticize, correct and supplement other historian point of view, they get closer to the truth arguing with one another. Historiography reminds you that history is not a closed book, is a reminder that there is always something to argue in history, it make us think or see what was before everything, the changes that have been in the growth of America, politics changes, racial justice, sex, differences in the society, education, labor. There has been a notorious change or evolution on how America has change. There are four stages in which the writing of American history has passed: the providential, the rationalist, the nationalist and the professional. The providential history in the United States from the seventeenth and eighteenth, ministers and magistrates and wrote a made of form of providential history. The puritans who settled in the United States believed that they were chosen by god that led to the form of their history to a holy chronicle one. Puritans used this form of writing for all men anybody that believed in god. The rationalism, they were very different with the providential because they didn’t believed that they were only chosen by god, they believed that opinions or actions should act on reason and knowledge not on their religious belief. They were ruled by the natural law was the idea of Newton, Locke, and the French philosophers (p. 75). The rationalist Jimenez 3 historians were the educated class in the colonies, the new story they told was of progress and reason. most of the historians of the eighteenth century were layer-politicians, planter-aristocrats, merchants or professionals. Tomas Jefferson was influenced by this movement and later on write a book named Notes on the State of Virginia in 1785. This book allow to men to discover and pursue their destiny and believed that they were free. After that, no one was free from slavery. This proves that the history during the rationalism the politicians only tells you what you want to hear, like right now it happens the same, everything was and is only about wealth, power, rights. In nationalist history changed the fact that in this stage the women contributed and argue in theirs perspectives or points of view. istorians of women rewrote the story of America from the beginning to the recent past. They did not give women a place in the existing narratives, they just reconceived whole fields of history. Their high opinion on distinguish scientifically and prove the truth from a romantic notion. In this time we can see through what has passed American History and learned about the different changes that our history has had, and also this has help to have America Jimenez 4 how is it now. Right now we see the thing different, for example, women can vote, women can do a lot more things that they couldn’t in the past, there is no slavery, everyone is free and follow their dreams and conquer their goals and that’s a big change.

Contrast and Comparison of meat and soy meat products essays

Contrast and Comparison of meat and soy meat products essays Have you ever wanted to be a vegetarian if you have you could still eat hamburgers with out the meat? It is called a veggie-burger. Have you ever wanted to know what the difference between a veggie-burger and hamburger, besides the fact that there is no meat? A hamburger and veggie burger is different in their quality, health products, " make-up" and the way they taste, but they are similar in where they are sold, health info, shape and the ways of eating them. Like I said, a hamburger and veggie burgers are different in their quality. Hamburgers are greasy and made with meat and they are more fattening, and veggie burgers are less fattening on the other hand. A hamburger is made of meat and a veggie burger is made of soy and mushrooms and other non-meat products. Also, hamburgers are sold at fast food restaurants, and veggie burgers on the other hang are mainly sold at stores only. Though there are many differences between hamburgers and veggie burgers, there are some similarities. They are similar in where they are sold, because they are both sold in stores. Both of them have a good amount of protein and both are circular. They are alike in the way you eat them also. (They are both eaten with a bun.) Now that you know more about veggie burgers and hamburgers you may want to be a vegetarian now. Or maybe you would like to stay the same and still eat meat. I hope you learned more about the differences and similarities. ...

Do Societies Choose to Fail or Survive Essay Example

Do Societies Choose to Fail or Survive Essay Example Do Societies Choose to Fail or Survive Essay Do Societies Choose to Fail or Survive Essay The society is a really of import facet on the life of any human. The very definition of the term society which is entwined on the facet of relationships of a group of people. who depend on each other in either manner make it to be of extreme importance. When viewed in broader footings. the society depicts people in a certain part and most surely has common bonds such as civilization. linguistic communication or any other factors that brings them together. It is hence common cognition to observe that although the society has the effect of prospering. other societies have fallen and the inquiry that arises is whether a society chooses to neglect or last. Assorted statements have been put across with some of the hardliners taking passionate bases on what they believe in with respect to the prosperity or failure of a society ( Diamond. 2005 ) . One of the writers who has been vocal in analyzing the endurance of societies Jareed Diamond. investigations why some of the societies in the yesteryear were able to last and why some feel out justly. The writer bases his research chiefly on concentrating on the past right to the modern universe. In his award winning book titled Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive. the writer in the prologue states that the book employs the comparative method to understand social prostrations to which environmental jobs contribute . The writer in composing this book tends to offer a historical context of societies that have on the collapse or survival of the society. The writer therefore seems to reason that input variables have important consequence on the output ( Diamond. 2005 ) . The writer highlights some of the factors that have in the past been perpetrators in prostration of societies. Some of them are overfishing. overpopulation. deforestation and others. He besides goes farther to include factors that may in the hereafter assistance in the endurance or prostration of societies. The writer uses the Anasazi prostration to set forward his statements on why societies fail at sometimes. The Anasazi who are a Native American society are used by the writer to clearly exemplify the nexus between population growing and environmental harm straight to the prostration of the Anasazi. The writer as he tries to foreground is that the warfare that took topographic point was non a important subscriber to the failure of this society ( Diamond. 2005 ) . Another acute and extremely critical book of how society thrives is the book Questioning Collapse: Human Resilience. Ecological Vulnerability and the Aftermath of Empire. The book which has an impressive figure of 15 scholarly scientists. supply an acute expression at this issue with each of the personalities lending significantly. The writers of this book borrow measure Diamonds work and utilize his provoking inquiries to give their valuable penetrations into this issue ( Norman and McAnamy. 2010 ) . Another extremely critical and analytical book Marketing Conquest and the Vanishing Indian: an Autochthonal Response to Jared Diamond’s Archaeology of the American Southwest. the book tries to react to Diamond’s work. The essay seems to propose that Diamond’s are some of the most of import facets with respects to conquest. In Diamonds books. he seems to propose that colonialization and conquest were what he refers to as accident’ and that modern prostrations of assorted societies can be avoided by analyzing the root causes of these earlier struggles. This essay is a direct response to Diamonds premises and it chiefly inquiries the genuineness of his premises and comes to the decision that diamonds are really an of import facet of conquering. Mentions: Diamond. J ( 2005 ) . Prologue. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive. New York: Penguin - . The Ancient Ones: The Anasazi and Their Neighbors. Chapter 4 of Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. New York: Penguin. 2005. McAnamy. P. A. and Norman Y ( 2010 ) . Questioning Collapse: Human Resilience. Ecological Vulnerability and the Aftermath of Empire. New York: Cambridge UP. 1-20 Wilcox. M. Marketing Conquest and the Vanishing Indian: An Autochthonal Response to Jared Diamond’s Archaeology of the American Southwest. Eds.

Teaching about Religions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 20

Teaching about Religions - Essay Example The course ids fit for high school students who need to gain familiarity with different ideologies and belief systems exhibited by different religions. Introducing the course at the high school level will produce students with open minds and who exhibit tolerance for the religious beliefs of other people. In order to successfully implement this project, there is a need for all stakeholders involved to approve the introduction of the course. This memo describes both the primary and the secondary audience, which comprises of different levels of stakeholders. The primary audience includes the board of the school, parents, teachers, and the students. The school board is the key decision maker in a high school setting. There is a need for the board to understand the potential outcomes of introducing a course that teaches students about the different religions and countries. The board comprises of people with professional experience and expertise, who have the vision of ensuring that the school registers a positive impact on the society. Evidently, introducing this new course serves to register an immensely positive impact. Moreover, the school board should consider the relevance of the course and determine whether the school has the required resources by offering the course. It is critical to consult staff and parents because of their position in the school’s decision-making process. The staff’s opinion is critical because they will actively participate in the delivery of the course content to the students. Parents need to be aware of what their children learn in school and should form part of the student milestones in the education system (Lester, 2011). Students from the ultimate stakeholders because they stand to benefit from the course. Therefore, it is significant to consider their opinion on the potential benefits of the course to their individual and social lives.

Evaluate the arguments for and against the decriminalising of cannabis Essay

Evaluate the arguments for and against the decriminalising of cannabis in the U.K - Essay Example Cannabis is a plant known to be available in most parts of the world and first originated from the Asian region (Emmett and Nice, 2009). Cannabis is known by many names including marijuana, Grass, weed, herb, blow, Ganja, dagga, hemp, pot and hay. It can be extracted in a simple way; the leaves of the plant are cut in small pieces and dried. Emmett and Nice (2009) explain that one has to consider the leaves of the cannabis plant which is almost maturing. From a study conducted by Johns (2001), it has been concluded that this drug has some side effects on the victim. Most of the users tend to consume the drug by smoking, which affects their lungs just the way cigarette smoking affects a person. Cannabis use has been debated much in most countries; this paper will review the need to decriminalize and also the impacts if the drug is decriminalized in the UK. From varied research, it is indicated that cannabis decriminalization should be considered based on the economic point of view; a lot of money is spent by the Government finding drug dealers and abusers. ... The decriminalization of cannabis use in the country would give the government more money to spend in other parts of the economy. In addition the government could generate revenue from the cannabis traders instead of spending taxes chasing after them. The health issue is also another case which has to be considered. Proponents of the legalization of cannabis have been arguing that the drug can help patients overcome the difficulties they are undergoing. For example, patients are usually advised by some doctors to take small amounts of cannabis by smoking to reduce the pain caused by the diseases they are undergoing (Grant et al, 2012). Furthermore, Grant et al (2012) show that the use of cannabis by patients who have undergone neurosurgery reduces the pain, hence increasing the patients’ hope of fast recovery. Cancer patients side effect could be reduced by advising them to smoke cannabis, which reduces side effects caused by cancer drugs, including nausea and vomiting. HIV/AI Ds Patient who on Anti-retroviral drugs could also benefit from the use of cannabis to curb the side effects such lack of appetite, which could help them prevent other issues which like weight loss. Patients can then prolong their life and eat just like any other people. From the research it was also found that short sighted people could benefit from the use of cannabis which reduces the side effects they have when they are on drugs to reduce the effects of short-sightedness. Hall et al (2001) also found that cannabis can be used to curb epilepsy, tetanus or rabies (Hall et al 2001). From this, the UK government should consider decriminalizing cannabis for the benefit of ailing