Coca Cola Market Segmentation Essay

Introduction Coca cola utilizes both internal and external marketing strategies to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors becoming a successful company with great earnings. Additionally, the company claims that the innovation is at the heart of everything they do add to their success. The company has segmented its market in terms of demographics, psychographic, geographic and lifestyle. Discussions After building a strong reputation and brand image, the Coca-Cola Company changed its name from Coke to New Coke in 1985 as they continued to offer customers a better taste. Demographically, although the company seems to focus on the whole population globally, its particular target is the young generation showing the energy giving element to the customers. According to world demographics 2013, 57.4 percent of the global population lies in the age bracket of 15-54 years of age. The statistics provide a clear indicator that the Coca-Cola focus on the largest demographic in the world with potential customers thus a right strategy to ensure sustainability and growth. In regard to family size, the company serve its in different bottle sizes for families to choose according to their sizes ranging from 200ml to 2 Liters pack (Global Functional Drinks Industry Profile, 2014). The Coca-Cola Company practice geographic segmentation in terms of regions. Through the price remains constant in all parts, the brands vary according to the weather of the region. For example, in Hong Kong during summer season Coca-cola has a unique brand called freezing coke (Global Functional Drinks Industry Profile, 2014). The strategy ensures continued brand loyalty by providing all weather drinks at the same price. Further in terms of place of  consumption. Coca-Cola puts up vending machines in meeting terminus and stations to ensure access to all. Locally in states the company provides equal and continuous supply to the local shops. Low-income earners have access to returnable glass bottle with medium income earners having plastic non-returnable bottle and Coke tin for high-income earners. In psychographic segmentation, Coca-Cola distinguishes customers into different groups based on buyer’s values, lifestyle or personality. Although people share the same demographic group, they exhibit diverse psychographic profiles forcing Coca-Cola to design and manufacture products suiting personality. In terms of lifestyle, consumers portray different lifestyles. Coca-Cola Company presented a more portable packaging for their soft drinks in order to provide for the modern ever busy user. The company endows its products with brand personality in line with a particular consumer personality. Further in observing culture and especially the diet matter, Coca-Cola produced health conscious products such as Coke Zero and Diet Coke (Global Functional Drinks Industry Profile, 2014). Conclusion The Coca-Cola Company boasts of high market and business share globally. The company has continuously gained more profits through use of different marketing strategies and market segmentation. Through segmentation, the company has managed to ensure continuous customer satisfaction by providing goods and services that meet all the social classes. Sales wise, the company have continuously experienced increasing sales by increasing the benefits derived from each segment for their products and services. The trend also benefits from the ever increasing customer loyalty as a result of satisfaction. Through its franchising model, the company runs a successful business in non-alcoholic beverage industry globally. It stands to capture any new drink type in the market as it has done before. A slight decline in segment consumption attracts careful analysis from the company to dig down into the cause and innovative measures to curb such loss. References Global Functional Drinks Industry Profile. (2014). Functional Drinks Industry Profile: Global, 1-35.

Jeff Bezos, Amazon.Com’s Founder

In your opnion, what makes a great leader? Is it a person who leads with upright priority for his staff, never misses a moment to communicate with his team and always values the advice of others? Or is it a sharp-witted leader who focuses on profitability, knows how to corporate and is brilliant in maintaining a good relationship with every business partner? The two mentioned stereotype seem consistent in the business world nowadays; however, the America’s best leader is neither of them. Jeff Bezos, founder of the Amazon. om, the leader who was named one of the best in America, is a man of surprise who fears no failure and remains stubborn with his goals regardless of all the critics and misunderstanding the world has given him. For all those reasons, our groups has chosen him as our favortie leader to present about today. Jeff owns many charateristics to be a great leader, most prominent among which is his ability to be longterm-oriented ; in other words, he is a visionary le ader. He did not mind the slow growth in the first 4 years of operation and quick-buck has never been one of his objectives.After 6 years of doing the business, the company finally made a profit and that was when Jeff Bezos said: â€Å"For the first four years of the company, we worked in relative obscurity. We always had lots of supporters and we always had lots of skeptics, and that's still the same today. It's just that the level of visibility is so much higher. If you look at the six years that we've been doing business, in exactly one of those six years we were not the underdog. † â€Å"Sometimes we measure things and see that in the short term they actually hurt sales, and we do it anyway. Jeff was well aware that every company requires a long-term view and if a leader is going to take a long-term orientation, he has to be willing to stay heads down and ignore a wide array of critics, even well-meaning critics. Coworkers and chroniclers characterize Bezos as a visionar y who on the surface is easygoing but keeps his employees on demanding schedules. He sets weekly management meetings with managers reporting on new products and pricing and taking on questions from the CEO.Bezos has promoted innovative efforts among his employees through the Just Do It program, which rewards those who come up with and execute ideas that help the company – without first obtaining permission from their bosses. He has a vision which he is able to explain to his employees through what he has done and that is what makes his employees look up to him and commit themselves to the company. Another trait that makes Jeff Bezos so good a leader is that he is a paradoxical mix of stubbornness and flexibility. He once said: â€Å"If you’re not stubborn, you’ll give up on experiments too soon.And if you’re not flexible, you’ll pound your head against the wall and you won’t see a different solution to a problem you’re trying to solv e. † Jeff Bezos learned the importance of being goal-oriented. He never gave up and was willing to try new things when the old things weren't working. He accepted his failures, and the failures of those working with him as lessons learned ( nhu bai hoc kinh nghiem) and moved on to the next strategy. Because of this determination to persevere and reach goals, people were willing to follow him and believe that he would keep working until he eventually achieved success.His flexibility reflects in the way he handles tough decisions. Normally with decisions he seems to be fact-based. Bezos will make an extraordinary effort to study the numbers rather than rely on his team's best instincts and judgments. However at other times, Bezos says, you can't solely rely on facts because it would be too hard to test an idea, or too costly, or you can't figure out how to do it. Jeff Bezos, Amazon. com's founder, is a study in contradictions — analytical and intuitive, careful and audaci ous, playful and determined.

Choosing Technology to Meet a Need Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Choosing Technology to Meet a Need - Assignment Example Its adaptations and applications may open doors to the previously inaccessible learning opportunities for numerous children with special needs. In addition, assistive technology supports both remedial and compensatory needs of the student. Tablets, computers, and handheld devices may be very helpful for students with disabilities since they reduce the stress stimuli and cut out distractions improving the student’s academic performance. The technology device will enhance or replace speech for those people with various disabilities in the understanding as well as production of written or spoken language. Chat Box by Unitech is a portable communication device which can be utilized to speak to messages either by means of an optional switch for scanning or pressing buttons on the keyboard. The device can store more than 10 minutes of recorded messages that are stored in four separate overlays. It is portable since it weighs 1.5 lbs. Design: Has the largest display compared to any other chat integrated communication device. 10.1 inch capacitative screen, NOVA chat editor, single along with switch scanning, updated userinterface, and Ivona synthesized speech Of all the Chat communicative devices NOVA chat 10 has the largest screen display (Jackson, 2009). It also offers well known Chat software on an Android platform including MultiChat 15, MultiChat 24, and ChatPower 24. Due to its lightweight the device is very portable for ambulatory users and can also be mounted on wheelchair users. The device has a 10.1† display, and the 4GB RAM allows proper functioning of the Ivona speech synthesizer, switch scanning, and numerous other features that can assist the students in improving their spoken and written language. The device runs on a lightening fast Intel ® Coreâ„ ¢ i7  processor offering a consistent motor pattern for words as

FBI - White collar crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FBI - White collar crimes - Essay Example The main role of the FBI is investigation of criminal activities that are assigned to it. This incorporates intelligence and law enforcement initiatives from the agency. Another role of the FBI is collaboration with other law enforcement agencies in investigative measures in which it helps with evidence examinations, and in empowering members of the other agencies through trainings. In facilitating its investigative role and collaborative role with other agencies, the FBI collects intelligence information, analyses the data and shares it with relevant authorities (The Federal Bureau of Investigations 1). As a special agency, however, the role of the FBI under domestic jurisdiction is limited to â€Å"white-collar crimes, kidnapping, extortion, interstate transportation of stolen property, and bank robbery† among others (Gaines and Miller 156). White-collar crimes are crimes that professionals commit in their course of duty with intent of obtaining material benefits of concealing some information with the aim of avoiding a consequence. Elements such as â€Å"deceit, concealment,† breach of trust characterize it (Ferguson 16). White-collar crimes are also free from use of violence or threat of violence and often aim at receipt of money of commodities of avoiding material liabilities (Ferguson 16). The FBI investigates these crimes to ensure evidence towards justice and its special intelligence is essential to the type of crimes that intellectuals commit through well-crafted schemes that sometimes incorporate intelligence and use of technology to cover up the criminal activities. The Enron case is an example of white-collar crimes that the FBI has investigated. The case involved a series of fraudulent misrepresentation by the firm on its financial position and collaboration with the organization’s accounting fi rm for concealment of the misrepresentations and for further misrepresentations. This led to losses among investors as officials of the company

Analyzing Point of View Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyzing Point of View - Essay Example And yet, at times, the narrator uses an omniscient mode to point out certain things to the reader that are unnoticed by the characters themselves. For instance, the narrator tells us in advance about the gift that Jim has brought back for Della before she notices it herself: â€Å"For ten seconds let us regard with discreet scrutiny some inconsequential object in the other direction. [..] This dark assertion will be illuminated later on† (O Henry, 1906, p. 4). The narrator here pre-empts the next turn in the plot by forewarning the reader about an unexpected event. The narrator also uses the device of prolepsis by mentioning the magi, something that will be explained later in the conclusion. The use of a third-person point of view affects the entire tone of the story. Had the same tale been told through the perspective of Della or Jim or even one of the minor characters like the â€Å"Sofronie†, much of the situational irony would have been lost. Situational irony, like dramatic irony, is based on a shared knowledge between the writer and reader which the characters in the story are unaware of. Their situation therefore is not understood by them as well as the reader who has access to information about their lives directly from the writer.

Comparison of the Microscopic Structure of Compact Bone Assignment

Comparison of the Microscopic Structure of Compact Bone - Assignment Example Spongy bones are found on the heads of the long bones such as femur, humerus, radius, tibia, and fibula, and in between flat bones such as the skull, while the compact bone forms the external surface of all bones (Saladin 172). Anatomically, joints are connections between distinct joints. They exist so the bones are interconnected, and can be one skeletal system. They can exponentially increase the range of movement of our extremities, just like our knee, elbow, shoulder and metacarpal joints, or they can strengthen the structure of our body, just like our pubic symphysis and skull sutures. Hyaline cartilage and synovial fluid lubricate joints and make movement easier. Fibrocartilage makes the joints strong against compression and shock. The enlarged epiphysis of the bones it connects also provide strength (Saladin 172-173). Once the action potential reaches the motor nerve endings on muscle fibers, the nerve secretes acetylcholine, which initiates the influx of sodium ions into the muscle fiber, causing an action potential at the membrane. This potential travels along the muscle fiber membrane, and in the process depolarizing in the membrane. This then causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release large quantities of calcium ions, which initiate the binding of actin and myosin filaments that occurs during the contraction. After muscle contraction, calcium ions are returned back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, causing muscle relaxation (Guyton and Hall 74). Upon receiving an impulse from the musculocutaneous nerve (Saladin 362), the biceps brachii (Saladin 328), exerts effort on the radius, with resistance contributed by the weight of the forearm or anything held in hand. Fulcrum is the elbow (Saladin 309).  

International economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International economics - Essay Example 47). Knowledge is renowned as one of the competent resources for active global business surroundings (Salvatore 2013, p. 48). Technology relocate is not a simple issue it has prospective to sway the political and financial kindred of countries also (Salvatore 2013, p. 48). Multinational companies are having an exceptional opportunity to relocate the new expertise to the developing countries (Salvatore 2013, p. 49). In fresh times the bond between the technologies conveys and foreign unswerving investment through multinational companies became vital plank of the concern in all global economics and economic augmentation debates (Salvatore 2013, p. 49). There are numerous means of technology relocate and mutual promote is derivative out of it for in cooperation the mounting states and the multinational companies (Marrewijk 2007, p. 28). Several of the aspects that have chief impact upon the information sharing means are firm characteristics, industrial distinctiveness and business repli cas (Marrewijk 2007, p. 29). During the preceding decade with the rising globalization gamut, foreign direct investments (FDI’s) are approaching to budding countries (Marrewijk 2007, p. 29). Multinational companies are competent of creating innovative jobs thereby causative to the expansion of prosperity and welfare of the area in meticulous (Marrewijk 2007, p. 30). ... 30). Establishment of multinational companies’ overlays way to the entrance of mounting nations into the global souk which helps it to appreciate the modern principles and commerce practices (Marrewijk. 2007, p. 30). Attracting multinational companies and thus improving the alien currency and alien direct investment is an enhanced option (Marrewijk 2007, p. 31). Brining loans from the nationwide expansion organizations, World Bank and extra organizations with lot many concords is difficult and as an alternative, it is easy to push multinational companies to endow (Marrewijk 2007, p. 32). Multinational companies are documented as powerful engines for profitable development than any other foundation (Marrewijk 2007, p. 33). Multinational companies perk up competitiveness in the rising nations by influencing little aspects such as funds, exports, capability/skill, technology and communications (Marrewijk 2007, p. 34). Transfer of expertise with synergistic effects are rooted in a chieving â€Å"reasonable compatible† goals amid low residential countries and multinational companies (Salvatore 2013, p. 55). With the WTO and GATT administration the entry of multinational companies became effortless even in the rising orthodox collectivist nation like China (Salvatore 2013, p.56). For every corporation and state technology and novelty are vital in brining competitive perimeter (Salvatore. 2013, p. 56). By liberalizing it is policies China is preparation to build it is expertise and modernization capacities through unfamiliar direct investments (Salvatore 2013, p. 56). The expertise transfer is completed by multinational companies via various methods, 1. Forward and

The Cultural Competence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Cultural Competence - Assignment Example A number of South Vietnamese were fleeing desperately in the jungle to small boats that were awaited to take us to the land of safety and freedom where we would eventually call home. During that period of darkness, I walked along a lonely road with limited family support as culturally mental health people like me were not recognized in the Vietnamese culture (Vaage et al., 2010). Problems are kept within the family rather than being shared with others and a facade often presented to the public to show a happy family life. When the social work profession does not solve the issue of understanding my culture, I would easily oppress the disadvantaged groups as a social worker, for example, those who try to share their problems. This is due to the misunderstanding of cultural differences. It is fair to say as a social worker, I must gain cultural competence to understand peoples cultural differences and the impact of social injustices on their wellbeing and to go beyond race and ethnicity (Healy, 2000). By implementing cultural care and as a social worker, I can more effectively address social injustice issues faced by vulnerable people in our community and tailor to the appropriate needs of clients empowering them to live life with dignity, respect, and values. Diversity refers to the characteristics that make people different from each other. Such differences set in as a result of diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds (Omoniyi & White, 2006). In Canberra, the diverse communities bring vibrancy, innovation, new ideas, economic development, resources, and sustainability. The Australian Census of Population and Housing is a source of data about Australians and their cultural diversity. Census carried out in 2011 indicated that approximately a quarter (26 percent) of Australia’s residents was born in other countries, and a further 20 percent had an average one overseas-born parent.  

Lab 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lab 3 - Essay Example ulum and golgi apparatus are located closer to the plasma membrane due to their functions of self-destruction, releasing toxic substances to the outside environment and collecting waste products. The foundation in the structure of the plasma membrane is the phospholipid bilayer forming a barrier between two aqueous compartments on the two sides of the cell: inside and outside. There are specific functions for proteins embedded in the interior of the phospholipid bilayer. They carry out various functions such as selective transport of molecules and cell to cell identification. Thus, the main function of the plasma membrane is to control the active and passive movement of various substances into and out of the cell. Another major difference is that plant cells have chlorophyll which is a light-absorbing pigment required for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is responsible for giving the plants a green color  and is found in chloroplasts.  Ã‚   However, golgi apparatus, lysosomes and peroxisomes are only found in eukaryotic cells due to  the fact that there are no membranous structures within the prokaryotic cells  except the plasma membrane.    Mitochondria are known as the â€Å"power plant of the cell† because they are responsible for synthesizing most of the energy supply for the cell. This energy is in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondria are also responsible for producing cholesterol and heme and in the self-destruction mechanism of the cell. Mitochondria have circular DNA which replicates similar to bacteria by a reproductive process called fission, they can make their own proteins. Moreover, as the structure always relate to the function, the presence of double membrane, i.e. a smooth outermost membrane and an inner membrane which has many folds known as cristae. The cristae increase the surface area; thereby they enhance productivity of cellular respiration.   Plant cells are known to be rigid structures with a defined shape which is due to the

Kantian and Utilitarian Theories and the Nestle Moral Issue Term Paper

Kantian and Utilitarian Theories and the Nestle Moral Issue - Term Paper Example o new mothers, free or low cost products, improper labels) allegedly designed for the adoption of bottle-feeding instead of breast-feeding by mothers. Outrage against Nestle came to a high point when a Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute attested that millions of infants suffered ailments or death due to bottle-feeding. The institute, however, did not clarify whether the cause was the infant formula or improper sterilization-and-storage of baby bottles and feed. Heightened indignation against Nestle resulted in a campaign led by the Infant Formula Action Coalition (INFACT) to boycott Nestle products globally. Subsequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) imposed a Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes to prohibit advertising which discourages breastfeeding. After years in which Nestle seemed to comply with the Code, the Action for Corporate Accountability charged Nestle with non-compliance. Boycott of Nestle was again instigated, bolstered by the United Methodist Churchà ¢â‚¬â„¢s study that Nestle’s advertising practices (free supplies to hospitals, stepped up donation to counter Ivory Coast government’s promotion of breastfeeding) were designed solely to increase sales, thus violating the WHO code. KANTIAN AND UTILITARIAN THEORIES 3 Today, the issue is unresolved due to data issued by UNICEF that 1.5 million infants, who are not breast-fed, die each year. This study was used by the International Baby Food Action Network and its affiliates by accusing Nestle and other infant-formula companies of violating the WHO marketing code. The situation aggravated when a 2003 British Medical Journal reported that 90 percent of health providers were ignorant of the WHO code, while two-thirds of mothers using infant-feed formula were not advised on the benefits of... Kantian and Utilitarian Ethics have similarities in their common aim to provide guidance on moral conduct amid 18th century modernizing times in which nationalism and industrialization were emerging. Both theories need not be seen simply as speculative principles since the Kantian categorical imperative will have an impact after his death on the subsequent 19th century German idealism in which: â€Å"The state had a will, a consciousness and a moral end of its own, on a higher level than that of any individual. Neither internally nor externally was the state limited by moral laws, since it was itself the fount of such laws†. On the other hand, utilitarianism will be the foundation of the American principle of American capitalism and free enterprise, expressed by Adam Smiths’ insight â€Å"in which a free market system could combine the freedom of individuals to pursue their own objectives†. The Utilitarian philosophy is also well entrenched in the Declaration of Independence as drafted by Thomas Jefferson: â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness†.

Economics Exchange Rates Commentary Essay Example for Free

Economics Exchange Rates Commentary Essay NEW YORK (Dow Jones)The dollar continued its slide Wednesday, touching its lowest level in 12 months against the euro and flagging against the yen as rising equities battered the greenback yet again. The dollar has lost key legs of support over the past two weeks as encouraging global economic data has led investors to assume more risk and buy higher-yielding assets. With the recession receding and financial markets in recovery, investors have become more confident theres no longer a need to hold their money in a safe-harbor currency like the dollar. Because of the Federal Reserves need to stimulate the economy, the dollars ultra-low interest rates have made it the lowest-yielding major currency. The cost of borrowing U.S. dollars in the London interbank market continued its slide Wednesday. The key three-month London interbank offered rate marked its lowest level since the British Bankers Association first introduced its Libor fixings in 1986. The dollar hit its lowest level against the common currency since September 2008 in New York afternoon trading, with the euro touching a 12-month high at $1.4738. If the euro is able to sustain levels above $1.4720, a key technical level, it could be on a march to $1.50, said Carl Forcheski, vice president for foreign exchange at Societe Generale in New York. The dollars losses were broad, sinking to new 13-month lows against the Australian and New Zealand dollars as well as lows for 2009 versus other widely traded counterparts. The U.K. pound also piggy-backed off the euros gains to advance on the dollar. The yen had been the so-called carry trade currency of choice, but with U.S. interest rates expected to remain feeble until 2010, analysts anticipate the dollar to continue funding riskier bets. A carry trade involves buying a lower-yielding currency to fund purchases of higher-yielding assets. The dollar was also burdened Wednesday by comments from Japans incoming finance minister, Hirohisa Fujii, who said he saw no need to intervene in currency markets to weaken the yen. In the past, the dollar had received support from the belief that Japan would intervene to prevent unwanted appreciation of its currency. Theres no change in my thinking that its not the time to consider foreign-exchange intervention, Fujii said at a news conference. Though he wouldnt rule out intervention in what he termed really abnormal situations, Fujii said the idea that the yen should be cheaper for the sake of [Japans] exporters is wrong. Wednesday afternoon in New York, the euro was at $1.4729 from $1.4667 late Tuesday, according to EBS via CQG. The dollar was at Y90.78 from Y91.06. The euro was at Y133.72 from Y133.60. The U.K. pound was at $1.6506 from $1.6495, while the dollar was at CHF1.0306 from CHF1.0340. U.S. economic data released Wednesday, including as-expected August consumer price index and better-than-expected industrial production numbers, pointed to a continuing recovery, leading stocks to rally. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 108 points, lending support to the euro and other high-yielders. The dollar looks likely to continue its broad-based slide through the rest of the year, analysts said. As long as the buck doesnt fall too far too fast, dollar weakness is expected in a time of loose monetary policy, said Adnan Akant, a currency specialist at money manager Fischer Francis Trees Watts, a New York unit of BNP Paribas. Right now, the euro and other higher-yielding currencies are reaping the benefits of a global economic turnaround and stock market rallies, but within the next 12 months, the dollar should start benefitting from a recovering U.S. economy, said Wells Fargo analysts. The Canadian dollar ended higher near its strongest levels of the day Wednesday, reflecting another sustained flight into riskier assets like stocks and commodities at the expense of the slumping U.S. dollar. The U.S. dollar was trading at C$1.0666 late afternoon, from C$1.0721 late Tuesday. Strong gains for oil, gold and other commodities as well as rising North American equity markets underpinned the Canadian dollars gains, although the currency again failed to mount a serious challenge of its year-to-date high at C$1.0639, achieved in early August. Commentary The article refers to a depreciation of the dollar against major currencies due to â€Å"ultra-low interest rates† and increased risk by investors. The Federal Reserve has been cutting interest rates in an attempt to boost aggregate demand and stimulate the economy. High interest rates in an economy generally encourage investment in that currency as the value of the investment will increase over time. Currently US interest rates set by the Federal Reserve are around 0.25% compared to the European Central Bank’s 1%. Because of this, investors have switched to higher yielding currencies, such as the Euro, and to a lesser extent the Pound, causing a fall in the Dollar’s exchange rate. This is shown in Diagram 1. As the diagram shows, a right shift in the supply of the Dollar leads to a fall in its price relative to the Euro. In addition, the aforementioned cutting of interest rates is an expansionary monetary policy used to manipulate aggregate demand. The trade off of this policy is increased inflation. A high rate of inflation might further decrease investment in Dollar assets as the real value of the investment would decrease over time. During times of economic crisis, investors tend to invest in low risk assets such as generally strong currencies like the dollar. However with signs that the global economy is exiting the recession and in recovery, not only does the demand for safe-harbor currencies like the dollar decrease, but there is an increased demand for high risk investment due to bullish speculation. In addition, some consumers, firms, or foreign central banks might believe that despite the improving economic situation, the Dollar will continue to fall as the article mentions and sell dollar assets. This bearish speculation would further increase the supply of the dollar and perhaps lead to self-fulfilling prophecy. As shown above, the combination of the three factors leads to a sharp fall in the exchange rate. As previously mentioned, this depreciation could cause a self-fulfilling prophecy in which the initial bearish speculation leads to depreciation, which in turn causes more bearish speculation causing the exchange rate to enter a downward spiral. Initially, the Federal Reserve might not intervene but if the depreciation continued, it would be forced to buy back Dollars to counteract the increases in supply. This would slow the depreciation, discouraging people from selling dollars. It might even create bearish speculation as some might assume the dollar market will bottom out and start to appreciate. The depreciation of the Dollar should benefit the US economy by means of an improved current account deficit. Initially, the deficit will worsen as the demand for imports and exports is inelastic in the short run, but eventually the current account balance will improve as US exports become more competitive. US export revenue will increase while expenditure will fall. This improved current account situation will boost AD leading to economic growth. This is shown below in Diagram 3. Diagram 3 However, as the diagram shows, in the long run, there will be the trade off of inflation as AD rises. This might encourage Federal Reserve to strengthen the Dollar to reduce imported cost-push inflation. In addition, the increased demand for US exports will increase the demand for the Dollar causing appreciation. Foreign nations might eventually implement import controls such as tariffs on US goods in order to preserve their own current account balances. Eventually, the Dollar should regain its status as a high-yielding currency [ 1 ]. The value of one currency expressed in term of another [ 2 ]. A period in a business cycle following a recession, during which the GDP rises. [ 3]. Believing that a particular security, a sector, or the overall market is about to rise [ 4 ]. Revenue from the exports of goods and services and income flows is less than the expenditure on the import of goods and services and income flows in a given year

Rawls Notion of the Political and the Realism View

Rawls Notion of the Political and the Realism View Bree Dela Rosa   Rawls Political Concept and the View Associated with Realism Introduction John Rawls in his work sought to capitalize on the concept of justice; enabled by his exploration on The Theory of Justice. As discussed by Rawls, the bone of contention when it comes to the aspect of the truth is that; the principles of justice in the structural dimension of the society are the main guidelines.[1] Getting back to the main idea which is the political aspect, there is an intertwine between the concept of justice and the political aspect. Rawls noted that to attain an upper hand in the political arena; there is a collision with the discussed principles of justice.[2] On the liberties that the citizens of a particular country are endowed to; political independence is one of the same. Political freedom gives a citizen the right to participate in a voting exercise, and also, can be a participant in elective public positions.[3] Political liberty is one of the political reasons that the same citizens get to enjoy. Realism, as highlighted, is a phrase that enjoys a broad ra nge of definitions.[4] The different usage it has is in the various areas such as; art, moral philosophy, politics among others. It is important to note that realism involves adorning in a particular attitude towards the world, to focus on the most salient dimensions of a given situation, whether or not they conform to our preferences or desires.[5] Through the in-depth study of the film Glory, it shall be possible to determine the differences that exist between the political aspect and realism. The shared thoughts of Rawls opined that a society based on ideologies of politics is that where the citizens get to enjoy the outlined political liberties which are free from ambiguity.[6] All the people despite their political inclinations, races, sexual orientation or even religious affiliations are to enjoy these political rights. However, in the Edward Zwick-directed film Glory, this is not the case. There seemed to be some alienation when it came to the enjoyment of the liberties endowed to the citizens and especially those partaking in the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry.[7] All the soldiers and army personnel participating in the field were bound to receive their provisions and personal effects from their heads charged with that duty by the government. Robert Shaw in the film Glory unearthed that black soldiers were discriminated upon and even denied basic items such as the shoes. It is important to know that as determined by a particular author; realism is frequently employed as a term to describe approaches that focus on the sources, modalities, and effects of power.[8] Therefore, realism augurs easily with the various slots whether in leadership or the political arena. Besides, realism aligns to the realpolitik, which is a subject of both the military and political power and which finds unworthy the steps that would bring changes that ensure that there is progress on the global front.[9] In the film Glory, there are obvious stumbling blocks to the initiation of the changes that would provide the relative deduction of the racism menace and the ill treatment of the slaves. The federal government was itself, in fact, paying the black soldiers lesser amount compared to that given to the white soldiers.[10] The soldiers under the command of Shaw were being denied personal effects such as shoes due to their race. Some of these black soldiers who had joined the co mbat were former slaves. Despite having been soldiers for the primary purpose of participating in the battlefield, there was no awarding of black soldiers with a chance to do so. Instead, treatment as manual laborers was the order of the day. Another political notion offered by Rawls is that a society that is politically ideal is that in which there is some economic balance where those that are in socially unjust position are also able to live comfortably. This economic balance in a practical manner involves ensuring that the society is economically just where the haves and the have-nots get access to basic social amenities. In most communities, striking a balance in the distribution of resources among these two groups is considered a big challenge. The large gap existing evidences the situation between the wealthy and the have-nots. This gap between the rich and the have-nots continues to widen since the rich become richer while the poor become poorer. The disparity between the haves and the poor is because of the uneven sharing of resources. Among the needy in the society, there are fewer resources, and in other scenarios, these resources do not exist. The film Glory apparently pictures this kind of setup present in mos t communities. There is a major disparity in the economic resources at the disposal of the white soldiers and the black soldiers. Payments to the black soldiers are lesser than that of the white soldiers; where they get $10 in a month and their white counterparts receiving $13 during the same duration.[11] Also, the film depicts a picture where there is a subjection of harsh conditions on black soldiers. In totality, economic imbalance characterizes this society of members of the troops, which is the contrary of what Rawls advocated of a politically ideal society. Realism in the political angle as highlighted is not a new subject in general.[12] In a bid to make a comeback to the aspect of realism; one of the main areas eyed was the political philosophy and the normative political theory. Realism, in particular, is deeply entrenched in political philosophy.[13] In matters about the realism in political philosophy, it involves a roughly spoken manner. Besides that, its main area of interest is not in how people are supposed to act in an ideal or rational situation, what they are to vest their desires in or even the types of individuals they are meant to be. In fact, its primary interest is the operation of the social, economic or even political functions in a given community at a particular point in time. Another bestowed on the same is what moves members of this community to act in certain situations. There is a painting of this angle of realism in the film Glory. The 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry is the particular circumstances at a p articular point in time of the members of the soldiers fraternity. Operations of the social, economic and political functions of the community of the troops depict realism in political philosophy. Socially, the black soldiers were considered to be in a cluster different from their white counterparts. There is outright discrimination in the job description, overall treatment, and even remunerations. The treatment of the black soldiers in this quarter was a clear reflection of the reigning political era. Therefore, fuelling of these actions against the black soldiers was by the federal government and the political class inclusive. The political ideas that Rawls had differed from the real situation that was on the ground. In fact, there was an intriguing disparity between political compliance and the political reality.[14] These emerging differences are the ultimate case scenarios in most situations and the one provided by the film Glory is no different. Shaw aggressively campaigned for the proper treatment of the black soldiers that he was commanding. Despite his desire for a perfect situation for these black soldiers, this would not be the case as the reality was that there was a deep entrenchment of racism in this particular society. In conclusion, there are standing differences in the political notion that Rawlings sought to communicate and the aspect of realism. There was a significant evidence of these different points in the film Glory. These differences provide a stable ground for the Rawls political notion and realism both on an independent framework. Bibliography Bell, Duncan. 2008. Political Thought and International Relations Bird, Colin. Ethics and Analytical Political Philosophy Broderick, Mathew; Washington, Denzel; Elwes, Cary; Freeman, Morgan. Glory. Dir. Zwick, Edward. The United States. TriStar Pictures. 1998. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZbXA4lyCtqr4OBF9B8fwe1WxcCTRARKM Philp, Mark. 2012.   Realism without Illusions. DOI: 10 1177/0090591712541723 Rawls, John. 1971. Justice as Fairness [1] Rawls, John. 1971. Justice as Fairness. Pg. 1 [2] Ibid, pg. 4 [3] Ibid, pg. 8 [4] Bell, Duncan. 2008. Political Thought and International Relations, pg. 1 [5] Ibid [6] Bird, Colin. Ethics and Analytical Political Philosophy. Pg. 22 [7] Broderick, Mathew; Washington, Denzel; Elwes, Cary; Freeman, Morgan. Glory. Dir. Zwick, Edward. The United States. TriStar Pictures. 1998. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZbXA4lyCtqr4OBF9B8fwe1WxcCTRARKM [8]Bell, Duncan. pg. 1 [9] Ibid, pg. 2 [10] Broderick, Mathew; Washington, Denzel; n.p. [11] Ibid [12] Philp, Mark. 2012.   Realism without Illusions. pg. 2. DOI: 10 1177/0090591712541723 [13] Ibid, pg. 2 [14] Bird, Colin, pg. 22

Lord Of The Rings Leadership Style Theology Religion Essay

Lord Of The Rings Leadership Style Theology Religion Essay Gandalf-is a transformational leader who can be a wonderful and uplifting experience. They put passion and energy into everything. They care about you and want you to succeed they also make continued efforts to motivate and rally their followers, constantly doing the rounds, listening, soothing and enthusing. The Transformational Leader seeks to infect and reinfect their followers with a high level of commitment to the vision.The extent to which a leader is transformational, is measured first, in terms of his influence on the followers (Bass, B. M,(1985), Leadership and Performance, N.Y. Free Presss). In the film Lord of the Rings (Fellowship of the Ring) Gandalf takes a risk at Balrog where he fights the dragon which is made up of fire until he kills the dragon, before he took on the mighty dragon he tells the Aragon, Gimli and legolas to go save themselves which shows that Gandalf is a brave person. Aragon has a great man theory leadership style he comes from a line of Kings. He has leadership qualities in him.That leadership is an inherent ability. Prominent leaders as having the right qualities or personality for the position, implying that inherent characteristics are what make these people effective leaders.Spencer said that such great men are the products of their societies, and that their actions would be impossible without the social conditions built before their lifetimes( Carneiro, (1981) Robert L. Herbert Spencer as an Anthropologist Journal of Libertarian Studies, vol. 5, 1981, pp.171-2). In the film when on Gandalfs absence Aragon was leading Gimli and Lagolas to find hobbits Pipin and Merry. Gimli and Lagolas followed him without any hesitation because of Aragons family history coming from a line of kings and his experience in tracking and fighting ability How effective was the Leader in the film. Gandalf was effective in the film because he was very old person who had seen the with the word friend, Gandalf started to say words of different language which showed that his a person of wide range of knowledge where he does not think the same as the other people in the film. Aragon is an effective person in the movie because he comes from a line of kings. At Gandalfs absence he leads the fellowship. He also is good at tracking people and at sword fighting which makes him an effective leader. The power held by the leaders Gandalf- Has expert power where they can influence others with their expertise and knowledge. Expert power is based on what one knows, one with experience and skills. In the film Gandalf has a lot of knowledge and experience since his a very old person. He has knowledge about elfs, oks and hobbits. Gandalf has referent power also because all his followers like him and respected him since he was old with the most knowledge. Gandalf also had legimate power he was part of the Isatari and was second of Sauramon, he was known as Gandalf the grey. Situation in the movie since he was a wizard and of the second order the fellowship characters followed him to Mordo since he had the most knowledge and experience, on the way to Mordo and where crossing Moira Gandalf fought the Balrog where followers obeyed his orders when he told them to go as he knew that they will come and help him and will also die. Aragon had referent and charismatic power because he made decisions which were for the betterment of the people he had qualities which motivated people and was effective while speaking and his followers liked him. In the film after everyone thinks that Gandalfs dead when he falls down a clip while fighting with the dragon Aragon takes the position of leader, with his quick decision making he is able to convince the mind of the people and lead them to the right direction. Situation in the film and theories A situation in the film which identifies Gandalfs leadership style was when he fought with Sauraman, he knew he was weaker than Sauraman but he still fought him so Frodo could complete his quest which is destroy he ring. As a transformational leader Gandalf thinks for the benefit of the other people first than himself. He uses his abilities to fight evil so people can be safe from Saurag the dark lord. Aragon is also a transformational leader he taught for mankind first than himself in the scene were Frodo was being attacked by the big monster Aragon jumped in to safe Frodo and was hurt in the process, his attempts was to safe Frodo so he could destroy the ring and save mankind. Type of organisation, level of seniority and its effects The fellowship of the ring was formed at Rivendell. The fellowship was made up of nine members to destroy the ring in the fire at Mount Doom which was in Mordor. The members in the fellowship were Gandalf, Aragon, Frodo, Sam, Legolas, Gimli, Pipin, Merry and Boromir. Gandalf lead the fellowship of the ring on his absence Aragon took over Gandalf was the leader of the fellowship of the ring everyone agreed since he had the most knowledge and experience because his seen the world more than anyone. He was the most senior person. The Blake Mouton Managerial grid says some leaders are people and some are task oriented (Mind Tools Limited 2013). Gandalf is people oriented he cares for people. Aragon was from a line of kings he had leadership ability in him. He used his power to motivate people with his leadership skills. In the movie he took over leadership when the situation arose, on Gandalfs absence he took over as leader. Spencer said that such great men are the products of their societies, and that their actions would be impossible without the social conditions built before their lifetimes ( Carneiro, (1981) Individual Culture and traits Gandalf was a wizard in the Isatari and was of the second order. He was second behind Saruman who had misused his power and had joined forces with Saurag the dark Lord. Gandalf used his powers for the good of the people because in their organisation they were allowed to give advice to people but not use their powers on the people. Gandalf was trying to help Frodo destroy the ring and save mankind. Aragon was the king of Gondor but secretly lived the life of a Rivendell ranger after his father death. Since leadership was in his blood he knew how to lead people. This is the reason why people followed him. Leadership theories Consideration- this leader care for their followers and take into account their ideas and feelings. According to findings and studies people exhibit two leadership styles which are people oriented and task oriented. In the movie Gandalf and Aragon are two leaders and both are people oriented, they take notice of their followers feeling and ideas. Both Gandalf and Aragons main motive was to destroy the ring and save mankind. In the movie seen in the end Aragon had to let Frodo go and destroy the ring on his own. Aragon made a big sacrifice choosing between individual (Frodo) and mankind survival but he still lead his followers and saved their lives. The Whale Rider Leadership Style Koro- Is an Autocratic leader: is a leader who dictates procedures, decides what goals are to be achieved, and directs and controls all activities without any meaningful participation by the members of the group. Authoritarian leaders make decisions independently with little or no input from the rest of the group Cherry, Kendra. Lewins Leadership Styles. About.com Psychology. Web. 14 Mar. 2012. In the movie Koro always made the decision and did not take any persons input not  even his wife. Koro has absolute control over his followers. Pai is a servent leader: Servant Leadership argues that the most effective leaders are servants of their people. Servant leaders get results for their organization through whole-hearted attention to their followers and followers needs. Larry Spears outlined ten characteristics of a servant leader empathy, listening, awareness, healing, persuasion, foresight, conceptualization, stewardship, commitment to the growth of others, and building community. In the movie Pai is a young girl who wants to keep everyone happy especially her grandfather. When the whale needed help to go off shore Pai rode the whale to safety. Effectiveness of the leader Koro was an effective leader in the movie as he was old and wise. He had knowledge of his Moari culture. He is a person who makes final decisions and everyone has to follow it even if people do not agree with the decision he makes. His downfall is he did not listen to anyones ideas and thoughts being the whale rider. Type of power Koro has expert: When you have knowledge and skills that enable you to understand a situation,  he has knowledge of his culture. In the movie he trains the boys in the settlement on how to become chiefs were he teaches the boys the ancient Moari fight songs and how to defend themselves as their ancestors did. Koro also uses his power on how a chief uses their power. Koro also abuses his power mostly on his granddaughter by mistreating her because he believes that girls cannot be leaders. Pai is a referent leader followers like her because she is influential with her words and is respected by the people. In referent power the leader sets an example for the people. In the movie when Pai was ill treated by Koro she was brave through such a difficult time. Pai leadership style is motivating the people as she is good with her words which shows she has charismatic power.. She knows that she is from a chiefly family and wants to lead her tribe successfully in the future In the movie Koro believes only man can be leaders he shows he is an autocratic leader. He also shows coersive power, which is the power to withhold punishment. In one of the movie scene where he tells Pai to go to the beach as she is a girl and is not part of the meeting. Koro does not want to accept changes in the world. In another scene he gets angry with Pai You dont mess with sacred things when he caught Pai indulging with the Moari defensive art; again he shows disrespect for his granddaughter. In the movie scene Pai is determined to learn the Moari defensive fight, one of the boys comes to teach her the fight when he sees the determination of her learning the fight. This shows that Pai is a referent leader as people like her determination. Type of organisation and seniority This leadership situation in The Whale Rider: The movie is set in New Zealand in the fishing village of Whangere. Paikea the whale rider is the ancestor of these people Koro is the chief of the village and he comes from a line of chief who was known as Paikea who arrived on the island centuries ago riding on a whale. Koro is the chief of the village and is the most senior person in the settlement. He has a lot of knowledge about their culture and his believe is that man can only be leaders and warriors and Pai can never be a leader. Koro has a bureaucratic leadership style His way or the high way everything must be done according to procedure or policy.  But he needed to change the way of his leadership because many people did not like the way of his leadership. Pai is nowhere in the hierarchy as her grandfather wanted a grandson and he believes that Pai is a bad fortune. Pai does not let this matter let her down because she is an outspoken person and never gives up. Individual culture and its effect Koro and Pai played an effective role as leaders. Pai and Koro lives are surrounded with culture (Moari) and tradition example the whale riding story of Paikea, chanting and their knowledge (Mead, 2006, p.14). Other leadership styles Paikea in the movie illustrates trait theory, the qualities that she possesses as a leader comes from her chiefly background. She has the determination towards learn her culture from her grandfather, she has respect for her culture and people and in return her people respect her and trust her as well. She is a very charismatic leader, even after beating Hemi in a Taiaha fight, Hemi is willing to support her and help her. She is brave enough to jump into the sea to get her grandfathers whale tooth, which clearly describes her quality of bravery and courageous above all her determination to becoming a leader. The movie ends with Koro accepting Pai as a Wise Leader, and the people and the whale following her commands. In good company Dan Foreman is an executive in his company who learns that his company is being demoted. He is a charismatic leader, who has the ability to motivate and influence people. He is respected and liked by his people. These leaders are mostly ethical leaders. They are people oriented leaders. Carter on the other hand is the new head of the advertisement department, because of him Dan is being demoted. Carter displays transformational leadership. Hence transformational leadership is characterized by the ability to bring about significant change in employees and the organization, thus the company believed that Carter would be the best to bring about changes in the company. Cater is also transactional leader he fired employees when the company needed cut downs. Effectiveness of the leader Dan is very determined, and is very effective as a leader he is able to influence people. People really liked him and have respect for him. He was the kind of leader that people wanted. Even after being demoted from as an executive and replaced by a young man half his age, he is still willing to work for the company, he shows his loyalty towards his work and as well as his employees. Carter was also a very effective leader; because he was given the authority people always listen to him and followed him. He possesses great knowledge in his field, he had different kind of ideas as to how to promote and advertise. He also had the ability to influence people. He was not really liked by the people but because he was chosen as the head of the department people had to follow him. Type of power Dan Forman has referent power which is the people in his department liked him as he was a people oriented person he cared for his staff. A scene in the movie where it showed he has referent power been when he was demoted the employees in his department showed sympathy. Dan Forman also has charisma power because he has the ability to speak and motivate the workers and since he is a referent power people listen to him. Carter Duryea has legimate power because Duryea walks into Sports America with the title of Chief of Marketing. But did not have enough experience working for a magazine. His previous job was selling mobiles to kids. Carter uses his power in a negative way which was to lower expense by terminating employees In the movie Carter tries to terminate employees who have worked in the company for years but Dan does not want that to happen as he knows that people who are being terminated have put a lot of effort in their jobs which shows that Dan cares for his workers. Type of organisation, level of seniority and its effect Dan Forman and Carter Duryea work for sports magazine which is known as Sports America Carter Duryea is the marketing chief who is the senior person in the department. Which means that Dan has to work for carter? Carter has legimate power were people have to listen to him. Dan Forman was demoted which means he was no longer a legimate power but was Carters assistant even so that does not have employees and the client listen to him. Dan Forman had referent power he had the most knowledge in his department so people listen to him. Individual culture and its effect Dan Forman is 51 years old and is old school; he balances his life with family. He is married with two kids. He is demoted from work but strives back to his marketing chief position. Dan Forman shows respect to all people. Forman has a good reputation in the company and becomes mentor for carter at the end. Carter is a 26 year old and is from the new generation. He is after a successful carrier, but does not have a personal life, this illustrates the failure of his marriage. He does not believe in old school thoughts of Dan Formans. Carter did not like the work but was in it for the money. Leadership theories This film illustrates great man theory. Great man theory sought to identify the inherited traits leaders possessed that distinguish them from people who werent leaders with the premise that some people are born with traits that make them natural leaders, thus Dan illustrates the qualities a leader needs according to great man theory. At the end of the film Carter realizes that Dan is the kind of leader that everyone wanted, therefore he tells him that he has learnt a lot from Dan. Dan on the other hand gets his position back Carter is able to learn what he lacks and he believes he could have never been better then Dan.

Lessons Learned :: essays research papers

Several lessons have been learned through the beginning of the senior design project. We have learned team building lessons, including team interaction, organization and team roles, through many trial and error situations. Issues of project management also have taught me very important lessons that will help me in the real world when I must deal with administrative authority.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a team, we have never set specific roles for each team member, but rather naturally feel into our own roles. I, personally, have become a sort of optimist or gate keeper. I try to make sure everyone feels their opinion is heard and that everyone gets equal say in the design. I also watch to make sure that no one feels their toes are being stepped on by watching people’s mannerisms during the meetings. I also have become somewhat of a meeting coordinator, in the sense that I contact all team members to find a time and location to meet that fits everyone’s schedule. Our method of each team member taking the role that suits their personality best has come naturally, but I think there would also be some benefit in changing the roles so that each member can prepare for real world situations. When in the working world, I may be asked to lead a team, which is a role that is very unnaturally and unlike my personality, but the experience of learning to lea d in a group like this would greatly benefit me when I have to lead in the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This project involves several aspects that really interest me. I plan on going into radiology, so learning about magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from an engineering perspective is very interesting. I also enjoy applying what we have learned about tissue mechanics from Dr. Criscione and Dr. Humphrey into building an actual device. However, I do not like the added challenges of building such device inside a MRI. The space we have to put the device and the requirements of non-magnetic material have made the design process more intense that I expected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have also learned that I need a specific project completely outlined by a project manager to be most effective. Dr. Wright is an excellent project manager, but he has given a lot of the design requirement and specification decisions to our team. This leaves the limits of our design open-ended; therefore any design in my mind still seems incomplete because we could always add another aspect to the tissue conditioning.

Essay --

In the following paper, I will be examining and comparing Turkey and Spain in order to determine their overall attitude towards immigration. I will first go into depth about the history and background of both Spain and Turkey, specifically in regards to immigration. After that, I will come up with two hypothesis in order to determine whether education and political orientation affect Turks’ and Spains attitudes towards immigration. The first hypothesis lists the relationship between education and attitude towards immigration, while the second provides the relationship between political orientation and attitude towards immigration. Finally, I will use statistical data to either prove or disprove my hypothesis. Research Question: For these two specific countries and our research for them, our research question was â€Å"Does country matter in political orientation and level of education and people’s attitudes towards immigrants?† Literature Review: From our literature review, we learned that attitudes towards immigrants in a society are influenced by the way the population accepts the i... Essay -- In the following paper, I will be examining and comparing Turkey and Spain in order to determine their overall attitude towards immigration. I will first go into depth about the history and background of both Spain and Turkey, specifically in regards to immigration. After that, I will come up with two hypothesis in order to determine whether education and political orientation affect Turks’ and Spains attitudes towards immigration. The first hypothesis lists the relationship between education and attitude towards immigration, while the second provides the relationship between political orientation and attitude towards immigration. Finally, I will use statistical data to either prove or disprove my hypothesis. Research Question: For these two specific countries and our research for them, our research question was â€Å"Does country matter in political orientation and level of education and people’s attitudes towards immigrants?† Literature Review: From our literature review, we learned that attitudes towards immigrants in a society are influenced by the way the population accepts the i...

Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet - The Pretended Madness of Hamlet :: Essays on Shakespeare Hamlet

The Pretended Madness of Hamlet Hamlet, knowing that he will get into difficulty, needs to feign madness for the purpose of carrying out his mission. He rehearses his pretended madnesss first with Ophelia, for even if he should fail there in his act of simulation, that failure will not cause him any real harm. The manifestations of insanity that Hamlet will show become predictable - a sure sign that it is a simulated and not a real insanity. When Hamlet is with a trustworthy friend, he is rational and symptom-free; as soon as those persons appear, however, whom he wants to convince that he is mad, he changes his behavior so as to implant different explanations in their minds for his noticeable irrational behavior. With Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, he makes believe that the reason for it is frustrated ambition; with the Queen and King, that it is their marriage that has upset him; and with Polonius and Ophelia, that it is frustrated love that has driven him mad. These rapid and clumsy changes from rational speech with those he trusts to irrational conversation with those whom he wishes to impress are strong evidence of fraud. In a character profile which I read by Max Huhner who has published several literary essays, Huhner reduces the problem of Hamlet to one factor, of the sort that Freud conceptualized as "secondary gain in mental disease." Hamlet, says Huhner, "could not hold his tongue or keep a secret, and was therefore entirely unfitted for diplomatic work. In a sense his feigning insanity was his sole avenue of safety." It is along these same lines that I have tried to prove the reasonableness of Hamlet's cruel dealings with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, justifying on grounds of practical necessity and the desire to avoid risks the fact Hamlet arranged their execution without heir having had a chance to receive the assistance of the Church. I could summarize my own character analysis of Hamlet as essentially a picture of an impractical man, who has nevertheless proceeded with optimal effect under existing external and internal conditions.

Real Friendship

Real Friendship Friendship is really hard to find in our lives today, especially in this world because according to us nowadays it is known as the quality or condition of being friends or just simply having a friendly relationship. A friend isn’t someone you randomly meet and know them just for who they are. My belief of a real friend comes as fate. If it is meant to be then it will happen because a true friendship lasts forever through good times and bad times. A friend is someone who is honest and dependable when is needed in certain consequences. That is why I believe in Cicero’s theories of friendship because a friend is someone who: . Thinks alike. 2. Is honest. 3. And understanding. This essay of real friendship focuses on these three main ideas. Thinks alike. I have a friend who is known to be my best friend since kindergarten. She is humorously been my friend for fourteen years and I hope it continues through out life. But the thing about her is that she is very much like me although our lives are very different according to our families and I am very thankful that she has been able to control her life on her own. Cicero says â€Å"A friend is, as it were, a second self† (Cicero, 1971). I consider Cicero’s theory to be right because according to other friends that I have had in the past have never been even close to what I have with my best friend. The ethical idea or the golden rule, â€Å"Do to others as you would have them do to you† (Fieser & Pojman, 2009). Applies to my friend and me because we always treat each other with respect and we don’t talk behind each other’s backs. We treat each other like if we were sisters. Is honest. Being honest is the quality of truthfulness. Honesty is something that should be required in a friendship because you are able to express yourself about anything. I am certain that most people can not accomplish any problems without being honest because if you are not, it just brings more problems into your life. â€Å"Friendship improves happiness and abates misery, by the doubling of our joy and the dividing of our grief† (Cicero, 1971). This quote is very important and meaningful to me considering that my best friend is there for me when I need advice and she is honest with me about it. I would not like for her to be dishonest, due to the choices I can make with her advice, and then she would not be a real friend because I will be making bad choices. In the Core Morality, rule number three is do not lie or deceive. â€Å"Language itself depends on a general and implicit commitment to the principle of truth telling. Accuracy of expression is a primitive form of truthfulness† (Fieser & Pojman, 2009). Honesty exists in my friendship and I really appreciate it now that I know what real true friendship is especially because we are moral to each other. Understanding. To know something or someone you must understand it or them. Just like how I know my best friend, she knows me and therefore we understand each other. I treasure our friendship for the reason that it has last so long and how we are uncomplicated. We rarely have any problems with each other, but when we do have problems we fix them as soon as possible. We do not like to let problems pass by because we do not like to fight or make bigger consequences. We come to an agreement until we understand each other. I really like how we can always settle our disputes unlike other relationships that I had who were so called my friends. â€Å"Friendship is the only thing in this world, the usefulness of which all mankind are in agreement† (Cicero, 1971). Any action taken into our friendship has always been our words and we always depend on the right act. â€Å"A right act that is permissible for you to do. It may be either obligatory or optional† (Fieser & Pojman, 2009). I think we have constantly picked obligatory because it is moral rather than optional. As a result I am happy we are still friends, through thick and thin. In completion, Cicero’s philosophy on friendship is very convincing and true because I never really paid attention to it. It makes you realize a lot about who your real friends are and who are not.

Innovation Involved in the Development of the Apple Mac

In my Essay I will discuss the role of technology as it‘s incorporated as an explicit component, focusing on the conceptualisation, Invention, innovation, and diffusion of Apple technologies, specifically aiming the topics towards the development of the Apple Mac. Whilst also looking at how the fundamentals of the mac’s core competencies has a ripple effect on the development of new technology across the Apple range and how this contributed to an understanding of information technology and productivity throughout the company.The developments of the original conception of the first generation of Personal computers were focused on hard core developers who used them to write programs. From this the need for a universal machine that operates between program and Data was being conceptualised quasi-simultaneously by new innovators who had realized the need to bring the â€Å"personal computer† to the average user but couldn’t previously as it had an inchoate form . Invention Apples CEO Steve Jobs introduced the Macintosh to the market in 1984.It was the first personal computer that was affordable and using an infusion of existing technology created a machine which was a â€Å"spin off† invention that lay the foundation of the technology which we use today on a daily basis.â€Å"What makes a business resource truly strategic-what gives it the capacity to be the basis of a sustained competitive advantage you gain an edge over rivals only by having something or doing something that they can’t have or do.†- Carr â€Å"Generations acquire knowledge from the preceding generations, create new inventions with new knowledge, and transmit the modified knowledge to the next generation which is expected to create more innovations† – Thomas Schott Inventions are created in every era, most of the time as an adaptation of a previous work or concept made for the purpose of practical activity to solve some form of a problem .The invention of the Mac is attributed to Jeff Raskin whose Semiotic labor when developing the idea of the computer at an intellectual level was quickly forgotten once the Mac was seen as an amazing new invention even though the conceptual basis of the technology already existed, Apple merely amalgamated it. Once again like many times throughout history the â€Å"hero inventor† who was the Front man of the project Steve Jobs, was attributed with the creation of the Mac.When in reality the material technology was created by a team of humans pooling their intellectual knowledge and encompassing it into this new invention.The problem arises when people confuse innovation potential with practical value, assuming the lack of limits on development necessarily implies a lack of limits to its usefulness†- Steve Lohr Innovation The situation had been created where Apple has placed themselves with a competitive advantage over their competitors and as Maurice Holmes Chief Enginee r of Xerox Corp tells us â€Å"The only way we can sustain competitive advantage in I.T is to learn faster than the rest of the world† In Today’s world, Technology diffuses so rapidly it is hard for us so determine which new technologies are going to change â€Å"society† as we know it and which are going to be forgotten in the dustbin of history. Apple found itself in difficulty once its CEO was removed from the board. The new leadership wanted more products and particularly with the Mac there were new versions coming out every six months.Apple had lost its competitive advantage and was in a poor state. They survived in an extremely competitive industry by returning to its original source of sustainable advantage, a flair for design, tight integration between hardware and software particularly with the Mac and its successors and a strong brand image. Along with a CEO whose goals were to innovate the technology of the future which would change the world.They wer e in a position to Pursue the innovations of The Mac and the new handheld device market more so than their competitors’ as they knew competitors would have a hard time adapting their strategies, being either held back by the need for new technological changes, infrastructure changes or timeframe constraints to adapt to the new markets. â€Å"Some companies may find that the risks of aggressive innovation outweigh the potential benefits, there are still times when it makes strategic sense to get out in front ahead of the game† – Carr DiffusionA perfect example of someone coming into a market as a late adaptor is Apple. They took great advantage from previous products made from other companies. By observing the new products which were being constantly diffused and tracking trending patterns Apple were able to see what the consumer wanted, more importantly what the other products lacked. The application of their ability to create cutting edge designs, and manufactu re this to the highest of quality and couple it with the well established brand apple exploded into the market.â€Å"The technological progress has no bounds, and acts of innovation can and will demolish all barriers to growth and success† –Carr Technology has been into the workplace at an exponentially increasing rate over the last few decades. Many companies see new technology as the means to increase profit margins and to remain competitive in a rapidly evolving marketplace.Apple is the market leaders because they have been able to penetrate major markets in the U.S such as the private and public sector, education and transport. The increase in this technology, over the last decade in particular the Apple brand has increasingly become more successful is their constant focus on user-experience. Many businesses have benefited from incorporating the Mac and other apple products into their businesses organisations. One of the more notable businesses is Pepsi-Co. â€Å" With iPhone and iPod, we can be more efficient and get in front of problems before they even happen.†- Brian SpearmanThe Mac, along with the IPhone and Ipad have transformed Pepsi’s business operations substantially through their logistics demand having to be coordinated, communications systems, their Mac and IPhone Apps and even manage their orders to meet retail and consumer demand. There is no question that the efficiency of the Mac and the apple brand has caused some companies to realize that they may not need as much man power because the technology is there to replace them.Taking into mind a decade ago information technology only: â€Å"delivered great benefits to a handful of firms, but for most it has been a source of frustration and disappointment than of glory. It was a simple factor of production, a commodity input that was necessary for competitiveness but insufficient for advantage† –Carr Now technology is not only being implemented into organ isations but is transforming and surpassing human capacities in certain fields.ConclusionSome distinctions do penetrate our discourse as it becomes useful to us. The Macintosh has evolved into Apple’s current lines of computers, the iMacs, Mac Mini, MacBook’s, and more, but the original Macintosh system will always be an icon, and an innovative product that changed the way we use computers and what we use them for. It has helped apple go from selling computers to becoming a top seller in IPods, and now more recently the strongest brand in the smartphone market and one of the most recognisable brands in the world.It can be seen that the distinctions between the conceptualisation, invention, innovation and diffusion of the Apple Mac are essential. Through the original idea of the computer and the concept of the need for a universal computer, and how this idea has developed and seen the invention of new technology of the Mac and the many different versions we have seen si nce its invention.From the invention of this new technology, Apple have innovated the way we interact with each other had have also played an essential role in how businesses are able to run their companies more effectively and efficiently, cutting out non-essential costs where they are no longer needed and replacing them with technology. Through the constant diffusion of new innovation products it is clear to be seen that Apple as a company have reaped the reward of being the an early adaptor, taking the first step into an new market and flourishing it into a strong brand and making it a part of our everyday life.

The Problem with the American Health Care System

The American health care system is under duress. Some people praise the US medical system because of the availability of state-of -the-art treatments while some criticize because of the many loopholes of the system and problems with insurance. Because of loopholes in the insurance system and the high price of getting medical treatment in the country, many ordinary American folk do not get basic health while only the high-income earners can handle high medical costs.Despite of the existence of government health insurance, American citizens still feel the need to buy insurance from public firms since the government insurance system does not cover much of the medical needs of the people. Before analyzing the American health care system, it is first important to have a clear view of the system and the problems with it. The American health care system is made up of both public and private insurers but the unique part of this system is that the private sector remains dominant over the publ ic sector.Statistics indicate that 62 percent of non-elderly Americans receive insurance receive from their employers in the private sector while 5 percent purchased their own insurance from private insurance companies. A small 15 percent rely on government insurance systems such as Medicare and Medicaid. Those who do not have any form of insurance account for 15 percent of the total. Public Health Insurance is mainly provided by Medicare and Medicaid (Chua, 2006). Medicare covers people at age 65 and above including some disabled people.It is a government single-payer program which is funded by tax collections, a payroll tax and paid premiums. It is funded together by the federal and state government. Medicare covers hospital services, physician services, and medical drug benefits but over the years, weaknesses have been spotted in this insurance system such as it includes an incomplete coverage for nursing facilities as well as an insufficient preventive care coverage. It also doe s not provide for dental, hearing and vision health care.Because of the lack of services, the elderly folk that avail of Medicare are forced to get insurance plans from private companies, and thus, many of the old folk spend 22 percent of their income for providing their personal health care needs not covered by government health insurance (Chua, 2006). Medicaid on the other hand is an insurance program specifically provided for the disabled and for low income earners. It is stated under federal law that states must provide medical care to the very poor pregnant women, children, elderly, disabled, and parents.Adults that have no children receive no coverage from Medicaid as well as poor people that have a higher income that make them unqualified for Medicaid benefits but states have the freedom to alter eligibility levels. Just like Medicare, Medicaid receives funding from taxes. Medicaid has many good benefits but many of those who have availed of this insurance program find it dif ficult to look for health care providers that accept Medicaid because of a rather low reimbursement rate (Chua, 2006).According to the data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the US spends the highest on health care among the member countries in the OECD. In 2003, US health care costs accounted for 15 percent of the country's GDP while the average for all OECD countries only figured at 8. 6 percent. Among all OECD countries, the US also incurs the most spending on health care per capita with $5,635 which is more than double the OECD average of $2,307. From 1999 to 2003, per capita spending on health care increases by an average of 4.6 percent every year which is at par with the OECD average of 4. 5 percent per year. In most countries from the OECD, health care funding is usually provided by the government except for the US, Mexico, and Korea in which the private sector dominate the health care industry. Only 44 percent of health care spending is provided by the government in the US setting while the average government funding for health care in the OECD is at 72 percent. The US also has the highest health spending from private institutions at 37 percent.The US also lags behind on physician per population averages, nurse per population averages and hospital beds per population averages (Chua, 2006). These comparative data shows that the US has indeed been putting much budget into health but despite of this, the US has been performing poorly in providing the health care needs of its people. This may be traced from higher costs of health care since private institutions are more focused on profit. As of 2004, government pending on health care rose to 16 percent, in comparison, this is more of what is being spent on food.The rising costs of medical treatment stems from new medical technology. This results in a division of the population that may be referred to as â€Å"insiders† and â€Å"outsiders†. Insiders are t hose that have good insurance while outsiders are those that have little or no insurance. The insiders receive the best medical treatment regardless of the cost while the outsiders receive very little treatment that they should have been accorded. To quantify, one study indicated that those people with no insurance have a 70 percent more likelihood to die from colorectal cancer within a time span of three years (Krugman and Wells, 2006).The only way advanced medical technology can be provided to all people and not only to the financially capable is through health insurance but it would be difficult for private insurance companies to provide such a need because of the problem of adverse selection. Hence, healthy people would have to pay less premiums for insurance since they are not likely to accumulate large medical spending while those unhealthy people that are expected to accumulate large spending on medical treatment and hospital bills will have to pay higher premiums (Krugman an d Wells, 2006).The insurance company would quickly find that because its clientele was tilted toward those with high medical costs, its actual costs per customer were much higher than those of the average member of the population. So it would have to raise premiums to cover those higher costs. However, this would disproportionately drive off its healthier customers, leaving it with an even less healthy customer base, requiring a further rise in premiums, and so on. Krugman and Wells, 2006Insurance companies have learned how to deal with this problem using risk assessment with the aid of a careful screening process. This results in rejecting or charging more premiums for applicants that are more likely to incur higher treatment costs. This practice bars many of those who are greatly in need of insurance from getting one. If ever a person is allowed to get an insurance despite of the conditions, the premiums would be very high (Krugman and Wells, 2006). Insurance is important for heal th care since it will affect the health of people.With the presence of insurance, the people will have a better grasp of preventive care. A study by The Urban Institute indicated that about 50 percent of children that did not have any health insurance did not have a medical checkup in 2003, whereas only 26 percent of insured children did not have a checkup (National Coalition on Health Care, 2008). This shows that people are most likely to pursue early medical treatment in the presence of an insurance policy. People who are uninsured also pay before receiving any medical treatment except during emergencies.If they are unable to pay, they will be denied medical treatment. In the presence of insurance, a person will not be denied medical treatment because the insurance will readily pay for it (National Coalition on Health Care, 2008). Instead of eliminating expenses, lack of insurance policies only results in more spending for the government since the governments pays for the health e xpenses of those people who are unable to pay for the medical treatment they received in the absence of a health insurance.Also, data indicates that hospital accumulate $34 billion of unpaid health care every year while $37 billion is paid by private and public payers for the uninsured while $26 is paid from out-of-pocket for the people who did not avail of any insurance policy for some reason (National Coalition on Health Care, 2008). The number of uninsured people is steadily increasing due to the complexities involved in getting insurance but the highest driving factor is the high premiums. Job instability and other changes such divorce, retirement, self-employment, etc.are also reasons why people do not avail of insurance (National Coalition on Health Care, 2008). Addressing health care is very important for any country especially for a developed nation that has a high population like the US. The presidential candidates both have proposed health care policies as a part of their agenda. These policies may be viewed from their websites and they both put addressing insurance problems the top health care issues as well reducing the cost of basic health services.The reason why health care is too costly in the US may partly be because doctors are more highly paid but a better reason would be because much of health care payments are done by private insurance institutions. This results in more expenses since people pay more premiums just to get the better benefits of a private insurance system and since these private institutions are business entities, premiums are higher for higher risks of expensive medical treatment. For the government, profit would never be an issue.What the two presidential candidates, Barrack Obama and Hillary Clinton are proposing just might work. They are proposing a new health care insurance system that promises affordable premiums and good benefits under the government. If implemented properly and with scrutiny, these plans might be a wa y to uplift the country's health care system since it promises more coverage while providing friendlier premiums. Shifting from government insurance that provides good benefits would be the ultimate answer to the rising costs of medical treatment.It is notable more and more people are getting medical aid from Medicare or Medicaid but this does not stop people from getting another health insurance at a private institution since government funded insurance does not provide all the medical needs of the people. The government should provide insurance policies that are will provide for most or all of the medical needs of the people at friendly-priced premiums. This way, the health care system will improve. References Chua, Kao-Ping. 10 February 2006. Overview of the U. S. Health Care System. Retrieved May 26, 2008, from http://www. amsa.org/uhc/HealthCareSystemOverview. pdf Krugman, Paul & Wells, Robin. 23 March 2006. The Health Care Crisis and What to Do About It. The New York Review of Books, 53,5. Retrieved may 26, 2008, from http://www. nybooks. com/articles/18802 National Coalition on Health Care. 2008. Health Insurance Coverage. Retrieved May 26, 2008, from http://www. nchc. org/facts/coverage. shtml Plan for a Healthy America. Retrieved May 26, 2008, from http://www. barackobama. com/issues/healthcare/ American Health Choices Plan. Retrieved May 26, 2008, from http://www. hillary clinton. com/feature/healthcareplan/summary. aspx

Leadership Style of John F. Kennedy

What were the leadership styles of John F. Kennedy? Kennedy was born in May 29th 1917 in Massachusetts and was a son to Joseph Patrick Kennedy and his mother was Rose Fitzgerald. He was a university graduate from Harvard where he graduated in 1940.   In 1946 being a democrat he became the president of USA. He was widely traveled and a strongly advocated for civil rights and improved social welfare. It is at this time as a president of USA that his leadership qualities were witnessed and developed. He was much admired by people because he knew how to present himself to the public. His leadership style was greatly influential and has been admired by many up to date. For now I’ll limit my scope to look at his leadership styles.His first leadership style was taking responsibility. Taking responsibility involves accepting that you are solely accountable for all of your actions. Most people when they do mistakes point a finger of accusation to others. They do not want to acknowled ge their involvement. People develop a strategy that is referred to as escapism. According to (Naegele T D. 2005) John F. Kennedy, when things in a country go wrong, people blame the president but he said that there is nothing wrong with people saying that as the head of state is paid to lead the state therefore for that reason he should be held accountable. For example when the military operation to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro in 1960s failed, he accepted that United States failed to accomplish its mission without blaming the war strategists, his advisors and the government that was before him. He said, â€Å"victory has a hundred fathers but defeat is an orphan.† He was simply referring to those who never accept their wrongs.Learning from mistakes as well as from failures was another tactic he used. This implies that you should revisit the history to know where others have erred or where yourself have gone wrong so that you can rectify your mistakes. This leade rship style was well portrayed on 16th October 1962 when the U-2 air plans captured photo acts of Khrushchev, the soviet leader placing nuclear bombs in Cuba. This was an open threat to the U.S and it was able to read between the lines to know that all was not well. (Barnes J. A. 2007). Kennedy did not want to engage his country in another war after the Second World War though there was no way he could let them to do whatever they wanted. He took the necessary measures by taking his navy to block soviet’s further plans. It was clear what Soviet Union wanted though they claimed they had no malice aforethought. They accepted to with draw their war weapons from Cuba and even accepted to dismantle the remaining ones.He was well aware of the damage that was caused by USA when it dropped a bomb at Hiroshima and Nagasaki and therefore he did not want a repeat of the same. Thus, he capitalized on this situation to sign a pact to agree that they would never test nuclear weapons on the earth. He also acted first in installing a direct line from his white house to Kremlin to avoid future misconceptions like in this case. (Reeves T., 1997)Compassion Mr. John F. Kennedy was a very compassionate person. He was very concerned with the welfare of others. He strongly advocated for increase of the foreign aid to the third world countries. He also created a department of the Peace Corps. He was determined to assist the underdeveloped countries in as much as he could. His scheme of Peace Corps was geared towards promoting peace in the Latin America, Africa and Asia. This Peace Corps amounted to ten thousands. He asked his citizens not to be expecting good things always. He also urged them to be patriotic and that is why during his inauguration in 1961 he challenged people that â€Å" Ask not what your country can do for you but rather what you can do for your country†. He was pursuing his foreign policies just to build mutual trust among nations and to inculcate a c ulture of interdependency.Always be a team leader. Kennedy being the president of United States of America was like he was leading a team. He was able to bring people together to work as a team for their well being. He said that a leader should be able to bring people together and should be able to lead his people in the right direction for example he steered America clear of the racial injustices and lead his team in exploring the world. (Schlesinger A., Jr. 1998) Basically a team leader is somebody who guides, instructs and directs his people in the right direction. Many people admire a leader who lead by example and that is why john F. Kennedy became so popular in the whole world. He weighed all the decisions before they could be implemented. He always listened carefully to the needs of the citizens. A team leader must be a decisive person and that is how john Kennedy was. For example he led a meeting to discuss on the missiles in Cuba. He wanted to hear the views of his people b efore he could act. (Schlesinger A., Jr. 1998)Kennedy was articulate and spoke his mind openly. It takes a strong person to stand in front of the people to express your thoughts. This depends on the trust you build with your people if you do not have a good relationship with citizens then you cannot have the guts to stand in front of people to give your thoughts. If you are an effective leader then people will follow your footsteps. As Kennedy once said, â€Å"courage is not complacency†. He took it upon himself to argue for civil rights act in 1960 and was able to get seventy of the votes that were cast. He also tried to convince the congress to provide free health care to all those that were above 65 years old though his proposal was rejected. He never failed to say what was in his mind as he was aware that it was the only way he could express his thoughts to the people. Many people were influenced by his words and today he is severally quoted.He was challenging Americans n ot to just sit down and wish the status quo would remain but they should strain their every nerve to improve on what they have.To influence many people then you must learn to be a great communicator. People who speak fluently command a great following. Kennedy himself was not that good in speaking especially when he talked to the congress for the first time but later he improved on his communication skills and with time he was able to drop his regional accent, talking without pausing and also talking too fast. He did all this when he became the president of United States of America. He became the best orator ever who spoke with a lot of enthusiasm. His speech passed the intended message and created the impact he wanted for example when he was talking on the Vietnam War he said, â€Å"No other challenge is more deserving our effort and energy.Our security may be lost piece by piece, country by country†. Here he was condemning the communism that was spreading in Asia. He believ ed that if the South Vietnam were to become a communist state then countries such as Laos, Cambodia, Burma and others that were non-communists would follow soon. He strongly convinced Americans using this speech that America was ready to confront problems no matter what to support their allies and oppose their enemies in order for liberty and peace in the world would be realized. (Clark.D. 2005)This speech had profound effects on many because he knew how to play on worlds a young man became touched and decided to join the United States marines. This man said that he felt challenged by that speech by asking what the youth were doing for their country. He decided to join this department to show loyalty for his country.We can conclude this essay by saying that were it not for John Kennedy’s leadership skills he would not have gained popularity as he is today. He used various strategies to lead his people as the president of USA. He was decisive, confident and accountable for all his actions. He communicated fluently something that influenced Americans very much. He was a role model who led by an example, many people started behaving and dressing like him.Reference:Schlesinger A., Jr. 1998. John F Kennedy Revisited: A noted historian and Kennedy Administration insider refutes the revisionist version of JFK's legacy. http://www.cigaraficionado.com/Cigar/CA_Archives/CA_Show_Article/0,2322,4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   00,0.html Clark.D. 2005. Leadership – Character and Traits http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadchr.html Schoenberg P. E., 2000. Kennedy on Leadership, http://www.presidentialexpert.com/leadership_john_f_kennedy.html Barnes J A. 2007. John F. Kennedy on Leadership: The Legacy and lessons of a president. New York Reeves T., 1997. A Question of Character: A Life of John F. Kennedy. Three RiverPress.Naegele T D. 2005.Ronald Reagan and John F. Kennedy: A  Question of character.http://www.naegele.com/documents/ReaganJFK.pdf.